School-based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse

Zwi, Karen; Woolfenden, Susan; Wheeler, Danielle M; O’Brien, Tracey; Tait, P; Williams, Katrina

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004380.pub2

Cited by 71 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Victimisation is associated with poor HRQoL, an important indicator of adolescents’ health and wellbeing. Health and wellbeing in adolescence predicts these in adulthood [52, 53], and are associated with social and economic participation and therefore, are of relevance to the nation’s development. There is currently a lack of awareness about the prevalence and impact of violence, including poly-victimisation, on the health and wellbeing of adolescents in Vietnam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victimisation, poly-victimisation and health-related quality of life among high school students in Vietnam: a cross-sectional survey

Holton

Huong

et al. 2016

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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BackgroundIn high and upper-middle income countries poly-victimisation (exposure to multiple forms of victimisation) is associated with worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among adolescents. There is a lack of empirical evidence about these associations from low- and lower-middle income countries. The aims of this study were to examine the associations between exposure to 1) individual forms of victimisation and 2) poly-victimisation and the HRQoL of adolescents in Vietnam.MethodA cross-sectional, anonymously-completed survey of high school students in Hanoi, Vietnam. Lifetime exposure to eight individual forms of victimisation and poly-victimisation were assessed using the Juvenile Victimisation Questionnaire Revised-2 (JVQ R2). Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Duke Health Profile Adolescent Version (DHP-A). Bi-variate analyses and multiple linear regressions were conducted to assess the associations between individual forms of victimisation, poly-victimisation and HRQoL among girls and boys.ResultsIn total 1616/1745 students (92.6 %) completed the questionnaire. Adolescent girls had significantly worse HRQoL than boys in all domains, except disability. Different forms of victimisation were associated with different HRQoL domains among girls and boys. Cyber victimisation was the most detrimental to girls’ HRQoL while for boys maltreatment was the most detrimental. Experiences of poly-victimisation were associated with worse HRQoL in physical, mental, social and general health, lower levels of self-esteem and increased levels of anxiety, depression and pain domains among both sexes.ConclusionsAmong Vietnamese adolescents, experiences of individual forms of victimisation were associated with poorer HRQoL in specific domains; the most detrimental forms of victimisation varied for girls and boys. However, it was experiences of poly-victimisation that had the most detrimental impacts on the HRQoL of both sexes. Recognition of violence, including poly-victimisation, is still low in Vietnam. These data indicate that community education, prevention and early intervention programs to reduce violent victimisation and assist adolescents who have experienced it, with attention to gender differences, are needed in Vietnam.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12955-016-0558-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victimisation, poly-victimisation and health-related quality of life among high school students in Vietnam: a cross-sectional survey

Holton

Huong

et al. 2016

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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“…9 Quality of the systematic reviews Three of the reviews were of low quality (i.e. AMSTAR scores between 0-4), 10 were of moderate quality (5-8), and two, including the Cochrane Review by Zwi et al, were of high quality (9-11) 16 ( Table 2). The overall mean AMSTAR score for the 15 systematic reviews included in this study was 6.3 (standard deviation, SD: 1.88).…”

Section: Special Theme -Childhood Injuries and Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Child maltreatment prevention: a systematic review of reviews

Mikton¹,

Butchart²

2009

Bull World Health Org

411

260

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Objective To synthesize recent evidence from systematic and comprehensive reviews on the effectiveness of universal and selective child maltreatment prevention interventions, evaluate the methodological quality of the reviews and outcome evaluation studies they are based on, and map the geographical distribution of the evidence. Methods A systematic review of reviews was conducted. The quality of the systematic reviews was evaluated with a tool for the assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR), and the quality of the outcome evaluations was assessed using indicators of internal validity and of the construct validity of outcome measures. Findings The review focused on seven main types of interventions: home visiting, parent education, child sex abuse prevention, abusive head trauma prevention, multi-component interventions, media-based interventions, and support and mutual aid groups. Four of the seven -home-visiting, parent education, abusive head trauma prevention and multi-component interventions -show promise in preventing actual child maltreatment. Three of them -home visiting, parent education and child sexual abuse prevention -appear effective in reducing risk factors for child maltreatment, although these conclusions are tentative due to the methodological shortcomings of the reviews and outcome evaluation studies they draw on. An analysis of the geographical distribution of the evidence shows that outcome evaluations of child maltreatment prevention interventions are exceedingly rare in low-and middle-income countries and make up only 0.6% of the total evidence base. Conclusion Evidence for the effectiveness of four of the seven main types of interventions for preventing child maltreatment is promising, although it is weakened by methodological problems and paucity of outcome evaluations from low-and middle-income countries.Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article. Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español. ‫املقالة.‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الكامل‬ ‫النص‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الخالصة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الرتجمة‬

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“…Furthermore, a history of rape, specifically, further increases the risk of major depression, eating disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorders (Chen et al, 2010), and suggests that certain forms of sexual abuse may have a higher-impact and cause greater rates of long-term negative outcomes. One of the major issues, however, in measuring this is that in current CSA research there are no consistent definitions of the types of abuse that are used across studies (Bolen, 2001; Zwi et al, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Much Child Sexual Abuse is “Below the Surface,” and Can We Help Adults Identify it Early?

Martin¹,

Silverstone²

2013

Front. Psychiatry

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Child sexual abuse (CSA) occurs frequently in society to children aged between 2 and 17. It is significantly more common in girls than boys, with the peak age for CSA occurring when girls are aged 13–17. Many children experience multiple episodes of CSA, as well as having high rates of other victimizations (such as physical assaults). One of the problems for current research in CSA is different definitions of what this means, and no recent review has clearly differentiated more severe forms of CSA, and how commonly this is disclosed. In general we suggest there are four types of behavior that should be included as CSA, namely (1) non-contact, (2) genital touching, (3) attempted vaginal and anal penetrative acts, and (4) vaginal and anal penetrative acts. Evidence suggests that CSA involving types (2), (3), and (4) is more likely to have significant long-term outcomes, and thus can be considered has having higher-impact. From the research to date approximately 15% of girls aged 2–17 experience higher-impact CSA (with most studies suggesting that between 12 and 18% of girls experience higher-impact CSA). Approximately 6% of boys experience higher-impact CSA (with most studies suggesting that between 5 and 8% experience higher-impact CSA). The data also suggests that in over 95% of cases the CSA is never disclosed to authorities. Thus, CSA is frequent but often not identified, and occurs “below the surface” in the vast majority of higher-impact cases. Helping adults to understand “below the surface” CSA might help them to recognize it early, but there are very few indicators specific to CSA, making this a challenging goal to achieve. Nonetheless, given that CSA frequently occurs with other types of abuse, a training program that focuses on both CSA and other abuse may offer a method to allow both early recognition and prevention by adults in the general population.

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School-based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse

Cited by 71 publications

References 48 publications

Victimisation, poly-victimisation and health-related quality of life among high school students in Vietnam: a cross-sectional survey

Victimisation, poly-victimisation and health-related quality of life among high school students in Vietnam: a cross-sectional survey

Child maltreatment prevention: a systematic review of reviews

How Much Child Sexual Abuse is “Below the Surface,” and Can We Help Adults Identify it Early?

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