When an adolescent commits a crime, youth justice professionals must make important decisions about which interventions to provide. Judges must decide whether to incarcerate an adolescent or use community-based treatments. Youth probation officers and case managers face decisions regarding whether to refer the adolescent to therapy and, if so, what kind. Also, mental health professionals must make ongoing decisions about specific issues to address in therapy (e.g., anger management skills, problem-solving skills) and specific techniques to use (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy [CBT], specific skills training).The treatment-related decisions that professionals make have a tremendous impact; if effective and empirically supported approaches are used, many adolescents can successfully desist from offending and achieve important developmental milestones (e.g., complete high school, obtain a stable job, develop healthy relationships; Henggeler & Sheidow, 2012). Furthermore, preventing a single youth from engaging in a life of crime saves society $2.6 million to $5 million, including savings in the costs of operating the justice system (e.g., running youth detention facilities) and addressing harms that victims experience (e.g., providing medical and mental health treatment to victims; Cohen & Piquero, 2009).Conversely, if ineffective strategies are used, adolescents' criminal behavior can escalate, become entrenched, and spiral into other difficulties, such as substance abuse, unemployment, early parenthood, and perpetration of family violence, such as violence toward their children or intimate partners (Moffitt, Caspi, Harrington, & Milne, 2002). In fact, although theory from the 1990s asserted that most adolescent offenders are adolescent-limited offenders who desist from offending as they mature and enter adulthood, more recent research has shown that individuals who start offending during adolescence do not necessarily spontaneously desist (Moffitt et al., 2002;Piquero, Diamond, Jennings, & Reingle, 2013). Furthermore, individuals who begin offending at an earlier age, in childhood, show high persistence in reoffending. In other words, it is not feasible to simply wait until youths mature out of their offending behavior. Instead, implementation of effective interventions is essential.To guide intervention planning and delivery, two independent bodies of research have developed. The first focuses on risk assessment and risk management (Heilbrun, 2003). It is led primarily by forensic researchers, who have developed risk assessment tools and intervention-matching principles. The second body of research is often referred to as "what-works" research. It is led by intervention researchers and child clinical or developmental psychologists who have identified empirically supported intervention programs. In general, risk assessment and risk management research tends to focus heavily on front-line assessments by professionals from various disciplines (e.g., youth probation officers, psychologists) and overarching princip...