Schmitt–Kim additive manufacturing evaluation tree: a guide for new users

Schmitt, Matt; Kim, Il Yong

doi:10.1007/s40964-021-00235-w

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Naturally, their high flammability limits the use of these composite materials in most of the industrial applications [2] . There have been many studies conducted to improve the flame retardant properties of thermoplastics over the last years [3] . In order to prevent fire hazards that may occur in various applications such as the automotive, electric‐electronics, defense, aeronautical and railway etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Halogen‐Free Flame Retardant Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Based Composite Materials

Yildiz,

Seki,

Kizilkan

et al. 2023

ChemistrySelect

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Natural flammability properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) seriously limit the use of ABS polymers in industries. Improving the flammability performance of ABS by using halogenated additives has been a very common method in the past. However, with increasing environmental awareness, the use of halogen‐containing additives has been severely limited over time. Therefore, we aimed to use halogen‐free flame‐retardant additives in our study to improve the flame‐retardant properties of ABS. ABS‐based composites containing 20, 25, 30 % aluminum diethyl‐phosphinate (AlPi) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) halogen‐free flame‐retardant additives by weight, were prepared using a twin‐screw extruder. V0 rating according to UL 94 standard for the thickness of 1.5 mm, limiting oxygen index (LOI) value higher than 28 %, and glow wire flammability index of 960 °C were aimed in this study. To improve the LOI values of flame‐retardant ABS composites, pentaerythritol (PER), zinc borate (ZB), and magnesium hydroxide were used. The highest LOI value was obtained to be 28.1 % by using 12.5 wt.% AlPi, 12.5 wt.% APP, 5 wt.% PER and 3 wt.% ZB. The effect of flame retardants on mechanical properties (flexural and tensile properties), impact properties (Izod and Charpy‐notched impact strength), thermal properties, melt flow index, and morphology (scanning electron microscopy) of ABS were also examined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Halogen‐Free Flame Retardant Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Based Composite Materials

Yildiz,

Seki,

Kizilkan

et al. 2023

ChemistrySelect

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“…1 H NMR (400 MHz, D 2 SO 4 ): δ 2.44-2.32 (m, 4H), 1.50-1.38 (m, 6H). 13 C NMR (151 MHz, D 2 SO 4 ): δ 18.7 (d, J = 85.9 Hz), 4.9 (d, J = 5.0 Hz). 31…”

Section: Synthesis Of Adepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 Alkylphosphinates are halogen-free, hydrophobic, and have high flame-retardant efficiency, good thermal stability, and little impact on the electrical performance and mechanical properties of materials, which makes them especially suitable addition to thin-walled electronic materials. 13 There are four methods to synthesize metal salts of alkylphosphinates. (1) The Grignard reaction method, (2) the aluminum chloride catalysis reaction, (3) the metal coordination catalysis reaction, and (4) free-radical addition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be applied to thermoset resins, nylons, and many other organic polymer materials, and is especially suitable for thin-walled electronic components and transparent films. 13,22 Compared with inorganic flame retardants, polymeric materials with smaller amount of ADEP can show satisfactory flame-retardant properties, and ADEP has better compatibility in polymeric materials and has less adverse effects on the mechanical and electrical properties of materials. In addition, it was found that the combination of ADEP and other types of flame retardant such as nitrogen flame retardants and silicon flame retardants resulted in better flame-retardant effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of aluminum alkylphosphinates under atmospheric pressure

Zhang

Shi

Yan

et al. 2022

Journal of Chemical Research

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Alkylphosphinates have received extensive attention in the past few decades because of their very useful mechanical properties, electrical properties, low density, and low toxicity, and have been widely used in flame-retardant materials and other fields. In this work, aluminum diethylphosphinate is successfully synthesized under atmospheric pressure. More importantly, two novel dialkylphosphinates, aluminum dioctylphosphinate and aluminum didecylphosphinate, are first synthesized and characterized. The structures of these aluminum dialkylphosphinates are confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and the microscopic morphology and thermal stability are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Furthermore, conditions for the synthesis of aluminum dioctylphosphinate are optimized. Compared with the traditional method of synthesizing dialkylphosphinates under high pressure, the method reported in this paper has the advantages of high safety, easy operation, and low economic cost, which makes it suitable for industrial production.

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“…The vertical resolution of this scanning system is 0.84 μm and a vertical measuring range of 12 mm can be displayed. [ 27 ]…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and evaluation of the fibers' deposition parameters during wet filament winding

Hopmann

Magura

Lopez

et al. 2021

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Wet filament winding technology has been extensively used for the manufacture of rotationally symmetric parts made of fiber‐reinforced plastics (FRP). As the design and modeling of FRP‐parts require numerous assumptions, deviations between calculated and achieved mechanical properties are expected. One aspect that contributes to this discrepancy is the assumption of a homogeneous rectangular cross‐section of the fiber‐band. In this work, the fiber‐band geometry in a wet‐winding process of carbon fiber cylinders is analyzed. An Infrared‐optical system for the detection of the fiber bandwidth and winding‐angle is implemented. The influence of the winding speed and the resin temperature is analyzed. An image processing algorithm for the automatic measurement of the fiber's bandwidth and winding‐angle is developed. Manual and adaptive gamma corrections are implemented to improve image quality. A parameter study for the suitable selection of image processing parameters is performed.

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Schmitt–Kim additive manufacturing evaluation tree: a guide for new users

Cited by 4 publications

References 60 publications

Development of Halogen‐Free Flame Retardant Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Based Composite Materials

Development of Halogen‐Free Flame Retardant Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Based Composite Materials

Synthesis of aluminum alkylphosphinates under atmospheric pressure

Detection and evaluation of the fibers' deposition parameters during wet filament winding

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