Schmerz ist modalitätsspezifisch

Koenen, Laura Ricarda; Elsenbruch, Sigrid

doi:10.1007/s00482-018-0281-y

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There are differences between somatic and visceral pain at both the neural and behavioral levels 16 . Visceral pain has a stronger affective dimension 17,18 . Considering emotional modulation as one of the proposed mechanisms for the hypoalgesic effects of slow, deep breathing 2 and also according to some reports that heightened arousal may attenuate baroreceptor modulation of nociception, 19,20 the results of previous studies on the influence of slow, deep breathing on somatic pain cannot necessarily be generalized to visceral pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Visceral pain has a stronger affective dimension. 17,18 Considering emotional modulation as one of the proposed mechanisms for the hypoalgesic effects of slow, deep breathing 2 and also according to some reports that heightened arousal may attenuate baroreceptor modulation of nociception, 19,20 the results of previous studies on the influence of slow, deep breathing on somatic pain cannot necessarily be generalized to visceral pain. The only experimental study in this regard by Botha et al 21 demonstrated that slow, deep breathing during distal esophageal acid infusion inhibits the development of secondary hyperalgesia at the level of the proximal esophagus, probably by increasing parasympathetic activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of slow, deep breathing on visceral pain perception and its underlying psychophysiological mechanisms

Gholamrezaei

Diest

Aziz

et al. 2021

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Background Studies using somatic pain models have shown the hypoalgesic effects of slow, deep breathing. We evaluated the effect of slow, deep breathing on visceral pain and explored putative mediating mechanisms including autonomic and emotional responses. Methods Fifty‐seven healthy volunteers (36 females, mean age = 22.0 years) performed controlled, deep breathing at a slow frequency (6 breaths per minute), controlled breathing at a normal frequency (14 breaths per minute; active control), and uncontrolled breathing (no‐treatment control) in randomized order. Moderate painful stimuli were given during each condition by delivering electrical stimulation in the distal esophagus. Participants rated pain intensity after each stimulation. Heart rate variability and self‐reported arousal were measured during each condition. Key Results Compared to uncontrolled breathing, pain intensity was lower during slow, deep breathing (Cohen’s d = 0.40) and normal controlled breathing (d = 0.47), but not different between slow, deep breathing and normal controlled breathing. Arousal was lower (d = 0.53, 0.55) and heart rate variability was higher (d = 0.70, 0.86) during slow, deep breathing compared to the two control conditions. The effect of slow, deep breathing on pain was not mediated by alterations in heart rate variability or arousal but was moderated by pain catastrophizing. Conclusions and Inferences Slow, deep breathing can reduce visceral pain intensity. However, the effect is not specific to the slow breathing frequency and is not mediated by autonomic or emotional responses, suggesting other underlying mechanisms (notably distraction). Whether a long‐term practice of slow, deep breathing can influence (clinical) visceral pain warrants to be investigated.

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