Schmallenberg Virus in Central Nervous System of Ruminants

Hahn, Kerstin; Habierski, A.; Herder, Vanessa; Wohlsein, P.; Peters, Martin C.; Hansmann, Florian; Baumgärtner, Wolfgang

doi:10.3201/eid1901.120764

Cited by 40 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Among the wide range of lesions that have been reported in SBV-infected fetuses and newborns, the central nervous system (CNS) constitutes a privileged target (7, 38–41). Indeed, loss of neural cells, and especially progenitor cells that give rise to precursors of neuronal and glial cell populations, is suspected to play a major role in SBV pathogenesis in domestic ruminants (E. Laloy, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonstructural Protein NSs of Schmallenberg Virus Is Targeted to the Nucleolus and Induces Nucleolar Disorganization

Gouzil

Fablet

Lara

et al. 2017

J Virol

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Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was discovered in Germany in late 2011 and then spread rapidly to many European countries. SBV is an orthobunyavirus that causes abortion and congenital abnormalities in ruminants. A virus-encoded nonstructural protein, termed NSs, is a major virulence factor of SBV, and it is known to promote the degradation of Rpb1, a subunit of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex, and therefore hampers global cellular transcription. In this study, we found that NSs is mainly localized in the nucleus of infected cells and specifically appears to target the nucleolus through a nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) localized between residues 33 and 51 of the protein. NSs colocalizes with nucleolar markers such as B23 (nucleophosmin) and fibrillarin. We observed that in SBV-infected cells, B23 undergoes a nucleolus-to-nucleoplasm redistribution, evocative of virus-induced nucleolar disruption. In contrast, the nucleolar pattern of B23 was unchanged upon infection with an SBV recombinant mutant with NSs lacking the NoLS motif (SBVΔNoLS). Interestingly, unlike wild-type SBV, the inhibitory activity of SBVΔNoLS toward RNA Pol II transcription is impaired. Overall, our results suggest that a putative link exists between NSs-induced nucleolar disruption and its inhibitory function on cellular transcription, which consequently precludes the cellular antiviral response and/or induces cell death.IMPORTANCE Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging arbovirus of ruminants that spread in Europe between 2011 and 2013. SBV induces fetal abnormalities during gestation, with the central nervous system being one of the most affected organs. The virus-encoded NSs protein acts as a virulence factor by impairing host cell transcription. Here, we show that NSs contains a nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) and induces disorganization of the nucleolus. The NoLS motif in the SBV NSs is absolutely necessary for virus-induced inhibition of cellular transcription. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nucleolar functions for NSs within the Bunyaviridae family.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonstructural Protein NSs of Schmallenberg Virus Is Targeted to the Nucleolus and Induces Nucleolar Disorganization

Gouzil

Fablet

Lara

et al. 2017

J Virol

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“…In foetal sheep, SBV infection can result in cavitation of the white matter of the cerebrum, cerebellar hypoplasia, mild lymphohistiocytic perivascular encephalitis, and small glial nodules scattered throughout the brain (Peperkamp et al 2012). On histologic examination of 82 naturally infected ruminants (46 lambs, two goat kids, and 34 calves), Hahn et al (2013) identified encephalitis, characteriaed by lymphohistiocytic, perivascular cuffs, in 11 (nine lambs, one goat kid, and one calf ) of the 82 animals. All small ruminants showed inflammation, whereas both calves lacked inflammatory changes.…”

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study aimed at establishing an in situ hybridization method (ISH) to detect SBV mRNA, to evaluate the usefulness of ISH as a complementary diagnostic tool and to further analyse SBV pathogenesis, Hahn et al (2013) investigated SBV mRNA distribution in the CNS of 82 naturally infected ruminants (46 lambs, two goat kids, and 34 calves), all of which were positive for SBV by qRT-PCR. They employed ISH on various tissues from four lambs, one goat kid, and five calves, including placenta, muscle, eye, heart, aorta, lung, trachea, liver, kidney, spleen, small and large intestine, mesenteric and pulmonary lymph nodes, thymus, adrenal gland, testis, and uterus.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Hahn et al (2013) evaluated the usefulness of ISH to detect SBV mRNA in infected tissues as a complementary diagnostic tool and concluded that in situ detection of SBV mRNA represented a suitable way to study SBV pathogenesis and might enable identification of SBV as the causative agent in cases of CNS inflammation of unknown aetiology.…”

Section: Viral Isolation and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on Schmallenberg virus infection: a newly emerging disease of cattle, sheep and goats

Pawaiya¹,

Gupta²

2013

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Schmallenberg virus (SBV) infection is an emerging infectious disease of ruminants first described in Germany in November, 2011. Since then it has spread very rapidly to several European countries. The disease is characterised by fever, reduced milk production and diarrhoea in cattle and abortions, stillbirths and foetal abnormalities in sheep and goats. SBV is an enveloped, negative-sense, segmented, single-stranded RNA virus, classified in the genus Orthobunyavirus of the Bunyaviridae family, and is closely related to Akabane, Ainoa and Shamonda viruses. As of now there is no vaccine available for SBV, which poses a serious threat to naive ruminant population. Owing to its recent discovery, our understanding of Schmallenberg viral disease and its pathology and pathogenesis is limited. This article reviews the data reported so far on this emerging disease with regard to aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathology, diagnosis and control and discusses the future scenario and implications of the disease.

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“…Microscopic lesions include rarefaction and cavitation, degeneration, necrosis and loss of neurons, as well as mild to severe, diffuse astrogliosis and/or microgliosis [1,7].…”

Section: Cns Congenital Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Emergence of Schmallenberg Virus Part 2: Pathogenesis and Risk of Viral Spread

Esteves¹,

Mesquita²,

Nóbrega³

et al. 2016

Epidemiology of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases - Attributes of Lifestyle and Nature on Humankind

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Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a novel Orthobunyavirus causing mild clinical signs in cows and malformations in aborted and neonatal ruminants in Europe. SBV belongs to the family Bunyaviridae and is transmitted by biting midges. This new virus was identified for the first time in blood samples of cows in the city of Schmallenberg in North-Rhine Westphalia in November 2011. Since then, the virus spread to several European countries. Here, we describe the pathogenesis and the risk of viral spread in the Portuguese territory.

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Schmallenberg Virus in Central Nervous System of Ruminants

Cited by 40 publications

References 7 publications

Nonstructural Protein NSs of Schmallenberg Virus Is Targeted to the Nucleolus and Induces Nucleolar Disorganization

Nonstructural Protein NSs of Schmallenberg Virus Is Targeted to the Nucleolus and Induces Nucleolar Disorganization

A review on Schmallenberg virus infection: a newly emerging disease of cattle, sheep and goats

Epidemiology and Emergence of Schmallenberg Virus Part 2: Pathogenesis and Risk of Viral Spread

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