Schlackenkunde

Gumz, Wilhelm; Kirsch, Helmut; Mackowsky, Marie-Therese

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-92725-6

Cited by 39 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Here R¡ = ™>,gfaas/™¿,pixe i = Al, K, Ca, V, Zn, Pb (2) rrij is the amount of element j in the sample (j = Si, S, Ti, and Sr). miiGFAAS and m,PIXE are the GFAAS and PIXE results of element i, respectively.…”

Section: Process Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coal combustion is an important source of particulate emissions to the atmosphere. As the result of many field and laboratory studies (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6), coal combustion aerosol size distributions have been found to be bimodal. The fineparticle mode around 0.1 µ , which is believed to be formed via nucleation of vaporized ash components and growth via coagulation and heterogeneous condensation, has received considerable attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As neutron activation analysis has mainly been used to analyze the low-pressure impactor samples, submicron size distribution data for the highly toxic trace elements like Pb and Cd have not been reported. Discrepancies up to a factor of 2 between fine-mode mean sizes measured simultaneously sulfur, % 0.86 heating value, MJ/kg 24.5 with in-stack low-pressure impactors and with electrical mobility analyzers (EAA) from diluted combustion gases have been reported (4,11). However, accurate composition and size distribution data are needed when the various modes of ash behavior and the enrichment of fine-mode particles with toxic, volatile species are to be determined (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Coal combustion aerosols: a field study

Kauppinen¹,

Pakkanen²

1990

Environ. Sci. Technol.

179

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Section: Process Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Coal combustion aerosols: a field study

Kauppinen¹,

Pakkanen²

1990

Environ. Sci. Technol.

179

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“…Elements enriched at the hot end of the probe are refractory elements such as Mg and Al. Si can only be volatilized as SiO in highly reducing environments. , The condensation of Cr 2 O 3 from the flue gas confirms oxidizing conditions in the flue gas probe. Ca and Na are fixed in alumino-silicate phases and glass.…”

Section: Electronprobe Microanalysismentioning

confidence: 73%

Temperature-Dependent Fractionation of Particulate Matter and Sulfates from a Hot Flue Gas in Pressurized Pulverized Coal Combustion (PPCC)

Enders¹,

Putnis²,

Albrecht³

2000

Energy Fuels

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The development of new highly efficient combined-cycle power plants is fundamentally linked to the development of new hot flue gas purification systems. Hot flue gas purification systems aim to remove particles and newly formed particulate matter from condensation reactions from the flue gas to prevent any damage to the gas turbine. This study focuses on the characterization of particulate matter which was deposited onto the inner walls of flue gas probes in a 1 MW pilot plant for pressurized pulverized coal combustion under slagging conditions (PPCC). The particulate matter in the flue gas stream originates from incompletely separated fly ash particles and particles formed during condensation processes from the hot flue gas. The phase analysis of the materials was done by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The combination of wavelength dispersive electron microprobe with a knowledge of the approximate temperature profile through the flue gas probe allowed the definition of dew points of single crystalline phases under the actual pressure conditions from the hot flue gas in the pilot plant. At high temperatures (>1200°C) the deposits on the inner wall of the flue gas probe are mainly fly ash particles which were deposited in the liquid state. With decreasing temperature, CaSO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 Ca 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , and K 3 Na(SO 4 ) 2 condense from the flue gas. The ubiquitous occurrence of crystalline Cr 2 O 3 can be traced to high-temperature refractory materials in the boiler and the subsequent particle separator of the pilot plant. At low temperatures some sulfates may decompose and form highly corrosive pyrosulfate melts. The changes in the phase composition of the deposits correlate well with chemical profiles along the flue gas probe.

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“…In general, deposits are distinguished in slagging and fouling, though the comprehension of slagging and fouling is not completely similar everywhere. Gumz [10] differs between slagging and fouling as the following: Molten and partly molten fly ash form slagging. The melting may also include non-molten parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Water Cleaning on Different Deposit Types: An Experimental Study Combined with Mathematical Investigations

Graube

Heißen

Grahl

et al. 2020

Waste Biomass Valor

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The deposits in waste incinerators are commonly removed with cleaning systems. Hitherto, the power plants lack the possibility to adjust the cleaning optimally to the specific situation. As a result, the cleaning sometimes has no effect and the deposits remain on the walls, while another time, the cleaning is applied too frequently and may result in damage of the water walls. The current paper evaluates investigations of the cleaning effects of water cleaning systems and their dependency on deposit properties. Real deposits are classified regarding their properties with focus on water cleaning systems. A mathematical model is established which calculates the dominating cleaning effect for known deposits and firing parameters. Firstly, a parameter study analyzes the influence of the deposit's porosity, material properties, structure and layer thickness on the cleaning results. Afterwards, the model is applied to a real incinerator and three actual cleaning procedures are evaluated concerning their suitability to the existing impurification. The results demonstrate the principal assessment ability of the cleaning cycle and reveal weak points that have to be considered in cleaning setups.

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Schlackenkunde

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Coal combustion aerosols: a field study

Coal combustion aerosols: a field study

Temperature-Dependent Fractionation of Particulate Matter and Sulfates from a Hot Flue Gas in Pressurized Pulverized Coal Combustion (PPCC)

Effects of Water Cleaning on Different Deposit Types: An Experimental Study Combined with Mathematical Investigations

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