Schizotypal traits, attention and eye movements

Larrison, Abigail L.; Ferrante, Carolyn F.; Briand, Kevin A.; Sereno, Anne B.

doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(99)00104-9

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The 'low' group ( n = 20) had a mean SPQ score of 10.6 ± 1.8 (7-13), a mean PAS score of 2.8 ± 2.1 (0-8) and a mean CHQ score of 3.9 ± 1.7. The 'middle' group ( n = 21) had a mean SPQ score of 32.0 ± 0.7 (31-33), a mean PAS score of 8.4 ± 6.1 (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) and a mean CHQ score of 5.3 ± 1.6. The 'high' group ( n = 20) had a mean SPQ score of 54.6 ± 2.9 (51-61), a mean PAS score of 15.1 ± 7.9 (3-28) and a mean CHQ score of 7.7 ± 2.0.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have demonstrated a deficit in auditory perception [1][2][3] and in auditory attention 2,[4][5][6][7] consistent with the findings of structural pathology in the temporal association cortex in patients with schizophrenia. [8][9][10][11] It has also been shown that, compared to normal subjects, people with schizotypal traits are impaired in a variety of attention tasks [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and in auditory information processing. [20][21][22] For instance, using a Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Chen et al found that a poor CPT performance was associated with schizotypy measured by Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) in the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auditory discrimination in female adolescents varying in schizotypal features: Preliminary findings

Li¹,

Yang²,

Chen³

et al. 2003

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Earlier experiments have suggested impaired auditory perception in patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of the present study was to investigate auditory discrimination in young adults varying in schizotypal features. Three hundred and forty-nine female adolescent subjects were rated with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and the Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) and with questions from the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ) that address non-psychotic, psychological status of the subjects. Sixty-one subjects were selected to participate in an auditory detection and discrimination task, with 20 subjects each with low and high, and 21 subjects with intermediate, SPQ scores. The sensitivity in auditory discrimination and the response bias were computed, using signal detection theory. The results show that the ratings of the subjects in the three questionnaires correlate with one another and that subjects with higher SPQ scores appear to perform worse in auditory discrimination. The impaired performance occurs for most of the signal-to-noise ratios. Taken together, these preliminary findings are consistent with earlier studies demonstrating impaired auditory processing in schizophrenia patients. In contrast, the significant correlation between both the SPQ and PAS scores and the CHQ score suggests that further studies are required to rule out the effect of non-psychotic factors such as anxiety on the current results. Second, the three groups of subjects did not differ in the response bias. This latter finding provides evidence at odds with the 'self-monitoring' model of auditory hallucination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory discrimination in female adolescents varying in schizotypal features: Preliminary findings

Li¹,

Yang²,

Chen³

et al. 2003

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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show abstract

“…An important aspect of the present study is that the target was not presented in isolation, as in the majority of spatial cueing paradigms (Larrison et al, 2000), but accompanied by distractor stimuli. In spatial cuing paradigms the effects of cue validity are stronger when accompanied by distractors (Luck et al, 1996).…”

Section: Running Head: Attention Mechanisms Underlying Schizotypy 29mentioning

confidence: 99%

An electrophysiological insight into visual attention mechanisms underlying schizotypy

Fuggetta

Bennett

Duke

2015

Biological Psychology

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A theoretical framework has been put forward to understand attention deficits in schizophrenia (Luck SJ & Gold JM.. Biological Psychiatry. 2008; 64:34-39). We adopted this framework to evaluate any deficits in attentional processes in schizotypy. Sixteen low schizotypal (LoS) and 16 high schizotypal (HiS) individuals performed a novel paradigm combining a match-to-sample task, with inhibition of return (using spatially uninformative cues) and memory-guided efficient visual-search within one trial sequence. Behavioural measures and Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Behaviourally, HiS individuals exhibited a spatial cueing effect while LoS individuals showed the more typical inhibition of return effect. These results suggest HiS individuals have a relative deficit in rule selectionthe endogenous control process involved in disengaging attention from the uninformative location cue. ERP results showed that the late-phase of N2pc evoked by the target stimulus had greater peak latency and amplitude in HiS individuals. This suggests a relative deficit in the implementation of selection -the process of focusing attention onto target features that enhances relevant/suppresses irrelevant inputs. This is a different conclusion than when the same theoretical framework is applied to schizophrenia, which argues little or no deficit in implementation of selection amongst patients. Also, HiS individuals exhibited earlier onset and greater amplitude of the mismatch-triggered negativity component. In summary, our results indicate deficits of both control and implementation of selection in HiS individuals.

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“…Concerning the observation of antisaccade deficits in populations at increased genetic risk for schizophrenia, numerous studies link elevated levels of schizotypal traits to increased antisaccade error rates on step antisaccade tasks in non-clinical samples (Ettinger et al, 2005b;Gooding, 1999;Holahan & O'Driscoll, 2005;Larrison, Ferrante, Briand, & Sereno, 2000;O'Driscoll, Lenzenweger, & Holzman, 1998;Smyrnis et al, 2003; but see O'Driscoll, 2005, andKlein, Brügner, Foerster, Müller, &Schweickhardt, 2000, for a failure to replicate this relationship using gap and overlap tasks). This deficit may be related more closely to positive than negative schizotypal symptoms (Ettinger et al, 2005b;Holahan & O'Driscoll, 2005) and is not due to increased levels of general psychopathology or neuroticism (Ettinger et al, 2005b;Smyrnis et al, 2003).…”

Section: Do Antisaccade Deficits Mark Genetic Liability For Schizophrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antisaccade task as a research tool in psychopathology: A critical review

2006

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The antisaccade task is a measure of volitional control of behavior sensitive to fronto‐striatal dysfunction. Here we outline important issues concerning antisaccade methodology, consider recent evidence of the cognitive processes and neural mechanisms involved in task performance, and review how the task has been applied to study psychopathology. We conclude that the task yields reliable and sensitive measures of the processes involved in resolving the conflict between volitional and reflexive behavioral responses, a key cognitive deficit relevant to a number of neuropsychiatric conditions. Additionally, antisaccade deficits may reflect genetic liability for schizophrenia. Finally, the ease and accuracy with which the task can be administered, combined with its sensitivity to fronto‐striatal dysfunction and the availability of suitable control conditions, may make it a useful benchmark tool for studies of potential cognitive enhancers.

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Schizotypal traits, attention and eye movements

Cited by 38 publications

References 28 publications

Auditory discrimination in female adolescents varying in schizotypal features: Preliminary findings

Auditory discrimination in female adolescents varying in schizotypal features: Preliminary findings

An electrophysiological insight into visual attention mechanisms underlying schizotypy

The antisaccade task as a research tool in psychopathology: A critical review

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