Schizotypal traits and neurocognitive functioning among nonclinical young adults

Daly, Maureen; Afroz, Sonia; Walder, Deborah J.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.06.016

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 66 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One could eliminate an effect of the cognitive deficits found in the continuum going from normality to schizophrenia via schizotypy. 9–13 , 21 In the task, these deficits would have induced longer reaction times for those who accepted more extraordinary roles or for the subgroup with higher SPQ scores. 21 This was not observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Embrained drives to perform extraordinary roles predict schizotypal traits in the general population

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Some personal drives correspond to extraordinary social roles. Given that behavioral strategies associated with such drives may conflict with those associated with ordinary roles, they could cause behavioral disorganization. To test whether they do so independent of the factors responsible for full-blown schizotypy and schizophrenia, these drives were assessed in the general population. Two hundred and nine healthy volunteers were individually presented with hundreds of names of social roles in experimental psychology conditions. The task of the participant was to decide whether or not (s)he would consider performing the role at any moment of his/her life. Schizotypal traits were measured with the schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ), and delusion-like ideations were assessed by the Peters et al. Delusion Inventory. Demographics and social desirability were controlled for. Participants accepting a greater percentage of extraordinary roles had higher SPQ scores. Among the three factors of the SPQ, disorganization was the one best predicted by those percentages. This correlation (r=0.40, P=7.2E−09) was significantly greater (Fisher Z-transform, P=0.003) than the correlation between the percentages of ordinary roles accepted and the SPQ scores (r=0.145, P=0.044). Reaction times revealed no suboptimal cognitive functioning in high accepters of extraordinary roles and further strengthened the drive hypothesis. Their acceptances of roles were done faster and their rejections took longer than those of low accepters (P=5E−12). Culturally embrained drives to do extraordinary roles could thus be an independent factor of the symptoms measured in the normality to schizophrenia continuum.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 7 , 8 This would be a problem because this disorder is known to be accompanied by a suboptimal cognitive functioning. 9–13 Such a functioning could be associated with a greater difficulty at understanding the full meanings of extraordinary roles. It could thus bias our role-acceptance task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embrained drives to perform extraordinary roles predict schizotypal traits in the general population

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The findings are incoherent. Matheson and Langdon (2008) found that some schizotypy factors, but not others, correlated modestly with letter-number span, but most studies have found no differences between higher and lower schizotypy subjects in letter-number, digit, or other span tasks (Avons, Nunn, Chan, & Armstrong, 2003; Chan, Wang, et al, 2011; Chun, Minor, & Cohen, 2013; Daly, Afroz, & Walder, 2012; Iati, 2012; Lenzenweger & Gold, 2000; M. Peters, Smeets, Giesbrecht, Jelici, & Merckelbach, 2007; Tervo, 2004; Unsworth et al, 2009; Wang et al, 2008).…”

Section: Executive Attention and Schizotypymentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in the executive control of attention, memory, and thought, and their associations with schizotypy.

Kane¹,

Meier²,

Smeekens³

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

170

336

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A large correlational study took a latent-variable approach to the generality of executive control by testing the individual-differences structure of executive-attention capabilities and assessing their prediction of schizotypy, a multidimensional construct (with negative, positive, disorganized, and paranoid factors) conveying risk for schizophrenia. Although schizophrenia is convincingly linked to executive deficits, the schizotypy literature is equivocal. Subjects completed tasks of working memory capacity (WMC), attention restraint (inhibiting prepotent responses), and attention constraint (focusing visual attention amid distractors), the latter two in an effort to fractionate the “inhibition” construct. We also assessed mind-wandering propensity (via in-task thought probes) and coefficient of variation in response times (RT CoV) from several tasks as more novel indices of executive attention. WMC, attention restraint, attention constraint, mind wandering, and RT CoV were correlated but separable constructs, indicating some distinctions among “attention control” abilities; WMC correlated more strongly with attentional restraint than constraint, and mind wandering correlated more strongly with attentional restraint, attentional constraint, and RT CoV than with WMC. Across structural models, no executive construct predicted negative schizotypy and only mind wandering and RT CoV consistently (but modestly) predicted positive, disorganized, and paranoid schizotypy; stalwart executive constructs in the schizophrenia literature — WMC and attention restraint — showed little to no predictive power, beyond restraint’s prediction of paranoia. Either executive deficits are consequences rather than risk factors for schizophrenia, or executive failures barely precede or precipitate diagnosable schizophrenia symptoms.

show abstract

“…Initial studies with the older three-factor model have yielded either no associations at all Cochrane, Petch, & Pickering, 2012;Jahshan & Sergi, 2007;Laws, Patel, & Tyson, 2008) or mixed and inconclusive results, possibly because they (a) either compared college samples, which are not representative of the general population (Chun, Minor, & Cohen, 2013) or (b) grouped the subjects after median splits or cutoff criteria derived from the specific samples, which might not be the optimal methodology for clarifying the relationship of schizotypal dimensions to cognitive domains in the general population. These studies have shown that both the positive and negative schizotypal dimensions are related to suboptimal working memory and cognitive flexibility (Chang et al, 2011;Matheson & Langdon, 2008), while negative schizotypy is also related to suboptimal performance in sustained attention (Chen, Hsiao, Hsiao, & Hwu, 1998;Chen, Hsiao, & Lin, 1997), visuospatial abilities (Daly, Afroz, & Walder, 2012), processing speed (Dinn, Harris, Aycicegi, Greene, & Andover, 2002), and verbal fluency (Szöke et al, 2009) tasks. Disorganized schizotypy was found to correlate with reduced verbal reasoning and conceptualization on the one hand or with improved verbal fluency (Szöke et al, 2009) on the other.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive profiles of schizotypal dimensions in a community cohort: Common properties of differential manifestations

Karagiannopoulou

Karamaouna

Zouraraki

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our findings further support the more analytical four-factor categorization of schizotypy and suggest that the discrepancies in the findings so far might be due to a more "generalized" definition of the schizotypal dimensions. They also add further in the early formulation of the profile of the high-schizotypal individuals seeking psychiatric help so that their overall management is directed towards a more targeted approach.

show abstract

Schizotypal traits and neurocognitive functioning among nonclinical young adults

Cited by 16 publications

References 66 publications

Embrained drives to perform extraordinary roles predict schizotypal traits in the general population

Embrained drives to perform extraordinary roles predict schizotypal traits in the general population

Individual differences in the executive control of attention, memory, and thought, and their associations with schizotypy.

Cognitive profiles of schizotypal dimensions in a community cohort: Common properties of differential manifestations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About