Schizotypal personality disorder and MRI abnormalities of temporal lobe gray matter

Dickey, Chandlee C.; McCarley, Robert W.; Voglmaier, Martina M.; Niznikiewicz, Margaret; Seidman, Larry J.; Hirayasu, Yoshio; Fischer, Iris A.; Teh, Eng Kaet; Rhoads, Richard Van; Jakab, Marianna; Kikinis, Ron; Jólesz, Ferenc A.; Shenton, Martha E.

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00030-x

Cited by 123 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Dickey (Dickey et al 1999) found about a 10% decrease (0.03 for relative data) for BA22 in SPD but did not report schizophrenia data; our SPD decrease in the current study was 0.02 for BA22 but 0.08 for BA21. In our earlier study with a much smaller SPD sample (n=13 overlapping with current sample), larger decreases were actually seen for SPD than patients with schizophrenia for both BA22 and 21.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…Reduced temporal cortex volume has also been observed in SPD in STG (Dickey et al 1999;Kawasaki et al 2004;Takahashi et al 2006a), Heschl's gyrus (Dickey et al 2002b), and middle and inferior temporal gyrus (Downhill et al 2001) in some but not all studies (Takahashi et al 2006b). Studies with schizophrenia patients and their relatives also suggest reduced medial temporal volume including the amygdala and/or hippocampal complex, but these findings have not been consistently observed in SPD (Dickey et al 2002a;Dickey et al 1999;Seidman et al 2002;Seidman et al 2003). One recent study reported reduced hippocampal volume in SPD (Dickey et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Temporal cortex volume reductions, particularly in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) have been consistently reported in schizophrenia (Davidson and Heinrichs 2003;Downhill et al 2001;Gur et al 2000;Hirayasu et al 2000;Shenton et al 2001;Wright et al 2000). Reduced temporal cortex volume has also been observed in SPD in STG (Dickey et al 1999;Kawasaki et al 2004;Takahashi et al 2006a), Heschl's gyrus (Dickey et al 2002b), and middle and inferior temporal gyrus (Downhill et al 2001) in some but not all studies (Takahashi et al 2006b). Studies with schizophrenia patients and their relatives also suggest reduced medial temporal volume including the amygdala and/or hippocampal complex, but these findings have not been consistently observed in SPD (Dickey et al 2002a;Dickey et al 1999;Seidman et al 2002;Seidman et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cortical gray and white matter volume in unmedicated schizotypal and schizophrenia patients

Hazlett

Buchsbaum

Haznedar

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies have revealed fronto-temporal cortical gray matter volume reductions in schizophrenia. However, whether age-and sex-matched unmedicated schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) patients share some or all of the structural brain-imaging characteristics of schizophrenia patients has not been studied. We examined cortical gray/white matter volumes in a large sample of unmedicated schizophrenia-spectrum patients (n=79 SPD, n=57 schizophrenia) and 148 healthy controls. MR images were reoriented to standard position parallel to the anterior-posterior commissure line, segmented into gray and white matter tissue types, and assigned to Brodmann areas (BAs) using a postmortem-histological atlas. Group differences in regional volume of gray and white matter in the BAs was examined with MANOVA. Schizophrenia patients had reduced gray matter volume widely across the cortex but more marked in frontal and temporal lobes. SPD patients had reductions in the same regions but only about half that observed in schizophrenia and sparing in key regions including BA10. In schizophrenia, greater frontotemporal volume loss was associated with greater negative symptom severity and in SPD, greater interpersonal and cognitive impairment. Overall, our findings suggest that increased prefrontal volume in BA10 and sparing of volume loss in temporal cortex (BAs 22 and 20) may be a protective factor in SPD which reduces vulnerability to psychosis.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cortical gray and white matter volume in unmedicated schizotypal and schizophrenia patients

Hazlett

Buchsbaum

Haznedar

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Data from DSM-III schizotypal subjects with no history of neuroleptic medication and agematched controls have indicated that this spectrum disorder also has a reduction of gray matter volume in the left superior temporal gyrus, but has less pronounced medial temporal lobe changes than in schizophrenia (Dickey et al 1999). …”

Section: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: unifying basic research and clinical aspects

McCarley

Niznikiewicz

Salisbury

et al. 1999

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Seeking to unite psychological and biological approaches, this paper links cognitive and cellular hypotheses and data about thought and language abnormalities in schizophrenia. The common thread, it is proposed, is a dysregulated suppression of associations (at the behavioral and functional neural systems level), paralleled by abnormalities of inhibition at the cellular and molecular level, and by an abnormal anatomical substrate (reduced MRI gray matter volume) in areas subserving language.At the level of behavioral experiments and connectionist modeling, data suggest an abnormal semantic network connectivity (strength of associations) in schizophrenia, but not an abnormality of network size (number of associates). This connectivity abnormality is likely to be a preferential processing of the dominant (strongest) association, with the neglect of preceding contextual information.At the level of functional neural systems, the N400 event-related potential amplitude is used to index the extent of "search" for a semantic match to a word. In a short stimulus-onset-asynchrony condition, both schizophrenic and schizotypal personality disorder subjects showed, compared with controls, a reduced N400 amplitude to the target words that were related to cues, e.g. cat-dog, a result compatible with behavioral data. Other N400 data strongly and directly suggest that schizophrenics do not efficiently utilize context. At the level of anatomical system substrates, considerable MRI data indicate abnormalities in the temporal lobe structures that subserve language and verbal associations. Gray matter volume is reduced in the posterior portion of the dominant superior temporal gyrus in both chronic and first episode schizophrenics (but not in manic-depressive psychosis), with the magnitude of reduction correlating with the degree of thought disorder.At the level of in vitro cellular and molecular analysis, NMDA receptors on inhibitory neurons are much more sensitive to blockade than are excitatory projections. A resulting failure of recurrent inhibition may account for the psychotomimetic effects of such NMDA receptor blockers as ketamine and phencyclidine, and may also be present in schizophrenia, where an endogenous NMDA receptor blocker, NAAG, is increased, and where other abnormalities of recurrent inhibition may be present. A biophysical simulation of this circuit abnormality in a model of learned pattern recognition produced, because of the reduction in recurrent inhibition, aberrant spread of excitation, resulting in confusion of normally distinguishable patterns. We suggest the neural circuit failure of inhibition and consequent aberrant spread of activation may be the substrate for an inability to use context, with the behavioral and functional consequences just described. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the unbalanced excitation might lead to progressive, neurodegenerative changes in gray matter, marked by progressive volume reduction.

show abstract

“…Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) shares with schizophrenia: (1) a similar genetic diathesis (Kendler et al, 1993); (2) many biologic markers (Siever et al, 2002;Siever, 1994); (3) MRI in vivo volume reductions in left temporal lobe structures (Dickey et al, 1999;Downhill et al, 2001); and (4) impaired recognition of facial emotions (Mikhailova et al, 1996). By definition, persons with SPD can be functionally impaired by experiencing illusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A MRI study of fusiform gyrus in schizotypal personality disorder

Dickey

McCarley

Voglmaier

et al. 2003

Schizophrenia Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The fusiform gyrus is important for face and object recognition, is abnormal in schizophrenia, but has not been studied in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Thin-slice MR images showed no differences, either in right, left or total fusiform gyri volumes, between subjects with SPD (N = 21) and normal controls (N = 19). However, there was a correlation between severity of illusions and magical thinking suffered by the SPD subjects and smaller right fusiform gyrus volumes. This suggests that future studies may be useful in determining the functional competence of this gyrus in SPD.

show abstract

Schizotypal personality disorder and MRI abnormalities of temporal lobe gray matter

Cited by 123 publications

References 59 publications

Cortical gray and white matter volume in unmedicated schizotypal and schizophrenia patients

Cortical gray and white matter volume in unmedicated schizotypal and schizophrenia patients

Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: unifying basic research and clinical aspects

A MRI study of fusiform gyrus in schizotypal personality disorder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About