Schizophrenic tendencies and memory deficits in normals

Calev, Avraham; Venables, Peter H.; Monk, Andrew

doi:10.1016/0191-8869(83)90055-7

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Some investigators have suggested that other methodological differences are responsible for heterogeneous findings in the research on neuropsychological functions in SC (Levin et al, 1989;Hcinrichs, 1993). Several studies have found that specific disease factors (e.g., severity of psychopathology) and treatment factors (i.e., neuroleptic and anticholinergic medications) are associated with learning and memory performance (Koh & Peterson, 1978;Calev et al, 1983a;Spohn & Strauss, 1989;Cassens et al, 1990;Gold et al, 1991;Eitan et al, 1992). Admittedly, the variable and extended course of SC illness complicates subject selection in neuropsychological studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of learning and memory impairments in schizophrenia

Paulsen

Heaton

Sadek

et al. 1995

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

263

172

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The California Verbal Learning Test was used to characterize the learning and memory impairment in schizophrenia (SC) and to evaluate potential clinical and demographic factors associated with this impairment. SC patients (n= 175) performed worse than normal comparison (NC) subjects (n= 229) on all learning, recall, and recognition memory measures. The most important clinical correlates of these impairments were earlier age of onset, more negative symptoms, and greater anticholinergic medication dosage. SC patients showed a prominent retrieval deficit as indicated by disproportionate improvement when tested in a recognition, rather than a free recall, format. A residual impairment seen with recognition testing suggests a mild encoding deficit as well. In contrast, the relative absence of a storage deficit is suggested by the lack of rapid forgetting. Using a discriminant function analysis that differentiates cortical dementia [i.e., Alzheimer's disease (AD)], subcortical dementia [i.e., Huntington's disease (HD)], and normals, it was found that 5070 of the SC patients were classified as having a subcortical memory profile and 35% were classified as having a normal profile, whereas only 15% were classified as having a cortical memory profile. Although these findings reflect the clinical heterogeneity often found in SC, results suggest that most SC patients demonstrate a pattern of learning and memory impairments that resembles the pattern seen in patients with primary subcortical (specifically striatal) pathology. (JINS, 1995,I, 88–99.)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of learning and memory impairments in schizophrenia

Paulsen

Heaton

Sadek

et al. 1995

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

263

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Their performances are also more deteriorated in recall than in recognition tasks (Calev 1984), which can be explained in our model if one considers that recall tasks involve structuring representations (and so contextual effects) more than recognition tasks do (e.g., Kintsch 1970). Moreover, some studies have shown that mnemonic performances of schizophrenia subjects are better when some orienting tasks facilitate an effective structured encoding (Calev et al 1983).…”

Section: Disorganization By Functional Decontextualization Of Informa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Disorganization of Representations in Schizophrenia

Plagnol

Pachoud

Claudel

et al. 1996

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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The first part of this article describes a model of disorganization of representations in schizophrenia. We assume that subjects with schizophrenia have some interfering activity in memory. Such an interfering activity induces a functional decontextualization of information and the reciprocal is true. This model accounts for different classes of cognitive troubles that have been observed in schizophrenia. In the second part, we describe a text-comprehension experiment that studies two paradigmatic cases of episodic and semantic contextualization of information: the "compartmentalization" and the "thematization" of fictional narratives. Compartmentalization refers to the way in which representations of different narratives are separated in memory; thematization refers to the way in which representations of one narrative are structured in function of a theme. In our experiment, compartmentalization and thematization are assessed by a method of priming in word recognition. In agreement with our model, the results show that subjects with schizophrenia are impaired in compartmentalization and thematization when compared with anxious-depressed subjects.

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Effect of early environment on electrodermal and cognitive correlates of schizotypy and psychopathy in criminals

Raine

1987

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Schizophrenic tendencies and memory deficits in normals

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

The nature of learning and memory impairments in schizophrenia

The nature of learning and memory impairments in schizophrenia

Functional Disorganization of Representations in Schizophrenia

Effect of early environment on electrodermal and cognitive correlates of schizotypy and psychopathy in criminals

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