Schizophrenia in Monozygotic Twins

Gardner, Eldon J.; Stephens, F. E.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106022

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…He cited evidence of disturbed metabolic patterns in schizophrenic patients to support this idea. Gardner and Stephens (61) reported on the development of very similar schizophrenic reactions in monozygotic twins to support the hereditary theory.…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Etiology, pathogenesis, and pathology.

Overholser¹,

Werkman²

1958

Schizophrenia: A Review of the Syndrome.

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Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Etiology, pathogenesis, and pathology.

Overholser¹,

Werkman²

1958

Schizophrenia: A Review of the Syndrome.

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“…The bizarre personality pattern which is so evident in the mothers of schizophrenic patients may be taken as suggesting that the process of trans-mission is not environmental but genetic. The investigations of Kallman (1946Kallman ( , 1947Kallman ( , 1948Kallman ( , 1953, Slater (1953), Gardner & Stephens (1949), Wittermanns & Schultz (1950), and others argue strongly for the existence of a genetic basis to schizophrenia. Might it not then be equally reasonable to conclude that the present findings, along with those of previous investigations, merely add to the evidence of a genetic strain in schizophrenia?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of the mother‐child relationship in schizophrenia

McGhie¹

1961

British Journal of Medical Psychology

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“…On Gardner's model, 245 responsibility only lies where we are fulfilling a role, for example a specific role such as doctor, police officer, teacher, parent or a non-specific role, i.e. a human being, and we fall below an idealised standard of a reasonable person in the role we are fulfilling.…”

Section: 'Agency' Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Culpability, Kingston and the Law Commission

Crosby

2010

The Journal of Criminal Law

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This article considers the basis upon which a person should be held to be criminally liable, and to do so, it is necessary to examine the leading theories of character and choice that underpin the State holding a person to be culpable of a criminal offence, i.e. the link between culpability and fault. The case of R v Kingston 1 is used to examine the application of these leading theories and it is observed that choice theorists would not excuse such a defendant from criminal liability even though his capacity to make a choice to refrain from law breaking was made extremely difficult by external factors beyond his control. Only character theory could possibly offer exculpation in such circumstances on the basis that the defendant acted 'out of character' and his deed did not deserve the full censure and punishment of the criminal law. The Court of Appeal in R v Kingston would have been prepared to excuse, but the House of Lords, and most recently the Law Commission have adopted a pragmatic approach to the involuntarily intoxicated offender. This case serves as a reminder that while justice is the aim of the criminal justice system, it is not an absolute standard.

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Schizophrenia in Monozygotic Twins

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Etiology, pathogenesis, and pathology.

Etiology, pathogenesis, and pathology.

A comparative study of the mother‐child relationship in schizophrenia

Culpability, Kingston and the Law Commission

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