Schizophrenia and Viruses : Principles of Etiologic Studies

Libíková, H

doi:10.1159/000408316

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Tyrrell et al (1979) described a cytopathic effect on human embryonic fibroblasts of CSF from schizophrenic patients and from individuals with a number of neurodegenerative disorders, but were unable to passage the agent or inhibit its effect with metabolic or DNA and RNA antagonists Intracerebral inoculation of marmosets with the cytotoxic CSF reportedly caused behavioral changes (Baker et al 1983). Cytopathic effects of schizophrenic CSF were also reported by Libikova (1983). No cytopathic effects were observed by Mered et al (1983), who attempted to replicate the Tyrrell et al experiments with CSF from a new group of patients.…”

Section: Search For Virusmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…A few similar investigations have been carried out with schizophrenic material. Libikova (1983) reported growth of a herpes virus in cell cultures from a schizophrenic brain specimen. Tyrrell et al (1979) described a cytopathic effect on human embryonic fibroblasts of CSF from schizophrenic patients and from individuals with a number of neurodegenerative disorders, but were unable to passage the agent or inhibit its effect with metabolic or DNA and RNA antagonists Intracerebral inoculation of marmosets with the cytotoxic CSF reportedly caused behavioral changes (Baker et al 1983).…”

Section: Search For Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Schizophrenia and Multiple Sclerosis

Stevens

1988

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Similarities in clinical course, age of onset, geographical distribution, and immunological responses of patients with schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis (MS) suggest that these two common illnesses of young adults may belong to a similar class of disorders. This review examines some of the similarities and differences between these two disorders and suggests that epidemiological, immunological, and viral studies considered useful in the investigation of causal factors in multiple sclerosis may also be pertinent to the search for causes of schizophrenia.

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Section: Search For Virusmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Search For Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia and Multiple Sclerosis

Stevens

1988

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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“…Some preliminary findings have suggested an increase in antibodies to this virus in schizophrenic patients [38,39]. Nevertheless, before these findings can be accepted, confounding factors such as associations of antibody titre levels with age [36], and uncertainties as to whether antibody titres are an accurate reflection of persistent or reactivated CNS infections by HSV [31], need to be examined.…”

Section: The Viral Hypothesis Of Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Preble and Torrey [41] have reported elevated serum alpha interferon levels in mixed groups of psychotic patients, but especially in patients with acute or recurrent psychosis who were unmedicated or on low dose medication, Schindler et a1 [42] were not able to replicate these findings. Furthermore, studies of CSF interferon levels in schizophrenia have, with one exception [39], produced negative results [41,43,44]. Nevertheless, recent studies have demonstrated that interferon is rapidly cleared from the serum and possibly from CSF so that single measures of these proteins may yield false-negative results.…”

Section: Interferons and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Perspectives on Immunology and Psychiatry

O’Donnell

Silove

Wakefield

1988

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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We selectively review recent research findings in the field of psychoimmunology which test the hypotheses that immunological dysfunction may be aetiologically related to mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, and that certain morbid affective states such as depression and other forms of psychosocial distress may be the cause of immunosuppression and through this mechanism affect the outcome of illnesses such as cancer. Our examination of research implicating immunological or infective mechanisms in the aetiology of schizophrenia indicates that most studies have been unable to control for major methodological difficulties but the compatibility of these theories with the dopamine hypothesis suggests that further research attention is warranted. More clearly, there is growing evidence demonstrating a link between depression, other states of psychological distress and immunosuppression, but the clinical significance of these findings remains uncertain. The complex relationship between stress and the outcome of illnesses such as cancer is discussed and the possible implications of these findings for clinical psychiatry are suggested.

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“…Group A sera were tested with the HSV-l strain HSZP, which had been propagated in chick embryo cells (for details see Libfkova, 1983). Group B sera were assayed against 100 PFU of the HSV-l strain Kupka propagated in Vero cells.…”

Section: Serological Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%