Schizophrenia and physical disease

Baldwin, J. A.

doi:10.1017/s0033291700033948

Cited by 128 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…One Japanese study (17) found a higher incidence of tuberculosis among patients with schizophrenia compared with the general population. A similar result was found in a study from the United Kingdom (18), and reports from Israel (19) and Russia (20) also suggested elevated prevalences of bacterial infections and tuberculosis. This relative dearth of data contrasts with the results of mortality studies in which increased mortality due to infectious diseases had been shown (4,5).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Two population-based studies found a decreased prevalence of acute appendicitis in people with schizophrenia (18,84), but this finding was not confirmed by a third population-based study from Finland (85). An early study by Hinterhuber and Hochenegg in 1975 (86) found a decreased incidence of gastric ulcers in 668 male patients with schizophrenia, compared to the general population, while Hussar 1968 (87) found a similar incidence in 1275 autopsies of patients with schizophrenia compared to normal controls.…”

Section: Digestive System Disorders (359 Medline Hits)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Numerous studies including several tens of thousands of patients were identified (7,18,85,(198)(199)(200)(201)(202)(203)(204)(205)(206)(207)(208)(209)(210)(211), the vast majority of which found a decreased frequency of rheumatoid arthritis among people with schizophrenia. Explanations may be of a genetic, environmental (institutionalization and sedentary lifestyle due to negative symptoms), pharmacological (analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of antipsychotic drugs) and biochemical (histo-imcompatibility factors) nature [for review see (212,213)].…”

Section: Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases (392 Medline Hits)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature

Leucht

Burkard

Henderson³

et al. 2007

Acta Psychiatr Scand

560

358

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Sartorius N. Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature.Objective: The lifespan of people with schizophrenia is shortened compared to the general population. We reviewed the literature on comorbid physical diseases in schizophrenia to provide a basis for initiatives to fight this unacceptable situation. Method: We searched MEDLINE (1966( -May 2006 combining the MeSH term of schizophrenia with the 23 MeSH terms of general physical disease categories to identify relevant epidemiological studies. Results: A total of 44 202 abstracts were screened. People with schizophrenia have higher prevalences of HIV infection and hepatitis, osteoporosis, altered pain sensitivity, sexual dysfunction, obstetric complications, cardiovascular diseases, overweight, diabetes, dental problems, and polydipsia than the general population. Rheumatoid arthritis and cancer may occur less frequently than in the general population. Eighty-six per cent of the studies came from industrialized countries limiting the generalizability of the findings. Conclusion: The increased frequency of physical diseases in schizophrenia might be on account of factors related to schizophrenia and its treatment, but undoubtedly also results from the unsatisfactory organization of health services, from the attitudes of medical doctors, and the social stigma ascribed to the schizophrenic patients. Summations• According to this review it has been known for decades that incidences physical diseases are frequent in schizophrenia. Nevertheless, some areas such as infectious diseases have not been sufficiently studied.• Psychiatrists are often not trained well enough in the detection and treatment of physical diseases.They must be aware of the frequent medical comorbidities and should play a more active role in their diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.• Other necessary strategies include the education of patients, general practitioners and of doctors working in other medical specialities. The access to medical care of the mentally ill also needs to be improved, among others, by reducing the stigma associated with mental disorders. Considerations• The review covered a broad area of research accordingly, focusing attention to details has not been possible.• Despite the broad search strategy, studies not covered by MEDLINE or not indexed by the MeSH term of schizophrenia could have been missed. • Due to considerable differences in the design and quality of the studies in assorted and diverse areas, quantitative approaches using meta-analysis were not possible, but should be the target of future reviews focusing.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Digestive System Disorders (359 Medline Hits)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases (392 Medline Hits)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature

Leucht

Burkard

Henderson³

et al. 2007

Acta Psychiatr Scand

560

358

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“…Simi larly, a lower incidence of asthma, hay fever and other allergic phenomena has been reported by Ehrentheil [1957], and by Lipper and Werman [1977]. The prelimi nary report by Baldwin [ 1979] indicated low relative risks for these conditions but significantly increased risks fol lowing manic depressive illness.…”

Section: Allergymentioning

confidence: 94%

Relationship between Schizophrenia and Psychosomatic Illness: A Review

Ananth¹,

Engelsmann²

1984

Neuropsychobiology

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For centuries, a relationship between physical illness and mental illness has been assumed. Following this lead, many reports of an inverse relationship between a number of physical disorders and schizophrenia have appeared. Particularly, the low rates of occurrence of certain psychosomatic illnesses in schizophrenic patients seem to indicate a certain biological and psychodynamic basis. These associations are important in that they may unravel important etiological relationships. Furthermore, they are amenable to testing by epidemiological investigations. Hence there is a need to pursue these studies. The current data no doubt provide impetus for further work and directions for future studies. Well controlled and methodologically sound studies in this area may be of immense value in our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

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“…Several studies have shown decreased prevalence of lung cancer in these patients, especially when heavy smoking was used as a covariate (Rice 1979;Craig and Lin 1981). However, significance of the lower rates of lung cancer in schizophrenic patients has been questioned (Baldwin 1979;Gulbinat et al 1992). Be-cause schizophrenic patients have elevated mortality from other causes, such as heart disease and suicide, the lower lung cancer mortality may be a secondary effect (Rassidakis et al 1971).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%