Schizonticidal effect of a combination of <em>Amaranthus spinosus L</em>. and <em>Andrographis paniculata</em> Burm. f./Nees extracts in <em>Plasmodium berghei</em>-infected mice

Abstract

Latar belakang: Bayamduri (Amaranthus spinosus L.) dan sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Burm F) adalah herbal tradisional yang digunakan untuk pengobatan malaria. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan aktivitas anti malaria skizontisidal kombinasi kedua ekstrak terhadap mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei. Metode: Mencit jantan (galur Balb/c) dengan berat 28-30 g, 7-8 minggu, dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok secara acak, tiap kelompok terdiri atas 4 ekor mencit. Kelompok A: kontrol negatif, kelompok perlakuan dengan ekstrak tanaman (kelompok B, C, D) diberikan 1 kali per hari selama 7 hari. Kelompok B: Amaranthus 10 mg/kgBB, kelompok C: Andrographis 2 mg/ kgBB, kelompok D: kombinasi ekstrak Amaranthus + Andrographis 10 mg + 2 mg/kgBB, dan kelompok E: diberi klorokuin 10 mg/kgBB sekali sehari selama 3 hari. Hasil: Terjadi peningkatan berat badan hanya pada kelompok D, peningkatan kadar hemoglobin pada semua kelompok perlakuan (C, D dan E secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol, p < 0,05). Aktivitas skizontisidal darah terlihat pada semua kelompok perlakuan, aktivitas tertinggi hampir 90% terlihat pada kelompok D dan E. Tingkat survival adalah 100% pada semua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Kombinasi ekstrak Amaranthus dan Andrographis (10 mg + 2 mg/kgBB) menunjukkan aktivitas skizontisidal darah sama baiknya dengan pemberian klorokuin 10 mg/kgBB.

Rediscovering the therapeutic potential of Amaranthus species: A review

“…On account of eco-hazardous nature and non-target specificity of chemical insecticides; along with evidences of resistance development in the exposed species; the importance of usage of secondary plant metabolites for vector control is being acknowledged. In an animal model study, ethanolic formulation of A. spinosus given to Plasmodium berghei infected mice resulted in gain of BW, increased hemoglobin content and blood schizonticidal activity, exerting an anti-malarial effect comparable to chloroquine [81] (Table 2). Another study has documented A. hybridus L. to be one of the plant species used traditionally by the Msambweni community of Kenyan South Coast (where the disease is endemic) to treat malaria [82].…”

Blood Schizonticidal Activity of Phyllanthus amarus Enhances Testovarian Antioxidant Defense Capacity in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

“…Several other medicinal plants such as Pyrenacantha staudtii, 29 Aspilia africana, 30 Amaranthus spinosus L. and Andrographis paniculata Burm. f./Nees, 31 Piper betle 32 and Acacia auriculiformis 33 have also been shown to possess antimalarial activity. Chloroquine treatment did not augment the amounts of antioxidants as P. amarus treatment and so could not protect the testes and ovaries against free radical challenge as evidenced by the MDA values (Tables 1 and 2) and Photomicrographs (Figures 1-18).…”

In vivo Evaluation of Antiplasmodial Properties of Myosotis scorpioides L. (Boraginaceae) Extract in Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei

“…In view of their proven use in the prediction of treatment outcomes for human infections, these models remain a standard part of the drug discovery and development process. 37 Individual species and strains have been well characterized, including duration of cycle, time of schizogony, synchronicity, drug sensitivity and course of infection in genetically defined mouse strains. 38 The most widely used initial test, which uses P. berghei or less frequently P. chabaudi, is a four-day suppressive test in which the efficacy of four daily doses of compounds is measured by comparison of blood parasitaemia (on day four after infection) and mouse survival time in treated and untreated mice.…”