“…It is essential that the correct investigation is performed at different stages of the disease, in both schistosomiasis mansoni and haematobia. 9 The emphasis is on recovery of ova, and especially the use of rectal snips, 10,11 but in cases where they cannot be recovered, e.g., in early or very late infection, immunodiagnosis is helpful. Serology does not distinguish well between past and current infection, but single high titers in the IHA test, e.g., ≥1:320 (reference range for laboratory ≥1:80), suggests active infection.…”