Schistosome related cancers: A possible role for genotoxins

Abstract

Schistosomiasis has long been associated with cancer. This association is most prevalent between Schistosoma hematobium and bladder cancer. Numerous theories have been proposed to explain the causal link between the parasite infestation and the ensuing neoplasia. One theory that has not received as much attention as others, however, is the role of genotoxins in the neoplastic process. Considering the substantial amount of supportive evidence for the cocarcinogenic effects of schistosomes, concern for the health effects resulting from exposure of infested individuals to either exogenous or endogenous genotoxins is certainly warranted.

Promutagenic methylation damage in liver DNA of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni

“…Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the carcinogenic process induced by parasite infection, either by schistosomes (8,30) or others (31) and most concern has been directed towards die possible role of chemical carcinogens (2). A'-Nitroso compounds are an important class of environmental carcinogens and their role as causative agents in the pathogenesis of some human cancers has been extensively reviewed (e.g.…”

Proteomic Maps of the Cancer-Associated Infectious Agents

“…Despite declining rates in many developed countries, it is predicted that by 2020, gastric cancer will be among the world's 10 leading killers, accounting for about 1.3 million deaths each year. Other infectious agents, such as Schistosomes in bladder cancer and Gram-negative anaerobes have been found in colon cancer worldwide. − Research and the development of prevention strategies are needed to utilize the molecular signatures of these infectious agents to distinguish the normal population from the population that is more likely to develop cancer. Proteomic analysis of the pathogen infected cells has not been completed yet.…”

Metabolism of 2-Aminofluorene by Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes: More Evidence for the Association between Inflammation and Cancer

“…It is well established that a high correlation exists between the occurrence of some parasite diseases and enhanced incidence of neoplasia (1,2). One hypothesis to explain this relationship is an altered metabolism in the parasitized host, which renders that host more susceptible to chemically induced carcinogenesis.…”