Schistosomatium douthitti: Biochemical and morphological effects of an experimental infection in mice

Raiczyk, Glenn B.; Hall, James C.

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(88)90122-1

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Schistosoma species infect a variety of mostly large mammals, including long-lived ungulates and primates (Loker, 1983). By contrast, the natural definitive hosts for S. douthitti are small short-lived rodents such as muskrats, meadow voles and the redback mouse (summarized in Raiczyk and Hall, 1988). The short pre-patent period of S. douthitti and its ability to produce viable eggs by facultative parthenogenesis may therefore be adaptations that maximize the likelihood of transmission between relatively short-lived definitive hosts (Loker, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of CD4+ T cell-dependent developmental mechanisms in the blood fluke pathogens of humans

Lamb

Crow

Lim

et al. 2007

International Journal for Parasitology

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Schistosoma blood flukes are trematode parasites with a cosmopolitan distribution that infect over 200 million people globally. We previously showed that Schistosoma mansoni growth and development in the mammalian host is dependent on signals from host CD4 + T cells. To gain insight into the mechanisms that underlie this dependence, we sought to determine the evolutionary origins and limits of this aspect of the host-pathogen relationship. By infecting RAG-1 −/− mice with a range of different schistosome species and strains, we tested several hypotheses concerning the time during Schistosoma evolution at which this dependence arose, and whether this dependence is specific to Schistosoma or is also found in other blood flukes. Our data indicate that the developmental dependence on CD4 + T cells previously described for S. mansoni is conserved in the evolutionarily basal species Schistosoma japonicum, suggesting this developmental adaptation arose early in Schistosoma evolution. We also demonstrate that the development of the more evolutionarily-derived species Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma intercalatum are dependent on adaptive immune signals. Together, these data suggest that the blood fluke parasites of humans utilize common mechanisms to infect their hosts and to co-opt immune signals in the coordination of parasite development. Thus, exploitation of host-schistosome interactions to impair or prevent parasite development may represent a novel approach to combating of all the schistosome pathogens of humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of CD4+ T cell-dependent developmental mechanisms in the blood fluke pathogens of humans

Lamb

Crow

Lim

et al. 2007

International Journal for Parasitology

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“…Infection pathology is largely associated with the host's inflammatory response to parasite eggs and with host tissue damage caused directly by the eggs (Kagan and Meranze, 1957;Raiczyk and Hall, 1988;Zajac and Williams, 1981). In addition to being found in the intestinal lining, many eggs become trapped in the liver and spleen of the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to being found in the intestinal lining, many eggs become trapped in the liver and spleen of the host. Infection in rodents leads to liver and spleen enlargement, immune cell recruitment to eggs in host tissues, blood in the feces (presumably due to capillary damage during passage of eggs through the intestinal wall) and, in many cases, death (Kagan and Meranze, 1957;Raiczyk and Hall, 1988;Zajac and Williams, 1981). Virtually nothing is known of how these pathologies impact liver or intestinal function, physiology, energetics or behavior (see Raiczyk and Hall, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection in rodents leads to liver and spleen enlargement, immune cell recruitment to eggs in host tissues, blood in the feces (presumably due to capillary damage during passage of eggs through the intestinal wall) and, in many cases, death (Kagan and Meranze, 1957;Raiczyk and Hall, 1988;Zajac and Williams, 1981). Virtually nothing is known of how these pathologies impact liver or intestinal function, physiology, energetics or behavior (see Raiczyk and Hall, 1988). Additionally, most information on host effects comes from lab mice (Mus musculus) (Kagan and Meranze, 1957;Kagan and Meranze, 1958;Raiczyk and Hall, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virtually nothing is known of how these pathologies impact liver or intestinal function, physiology, energetics or behavior (see Raiczyk and Hall, 1988). Additionally, most information on host effects comes from lab mice (Mus musculus) (Kagan and Meranze, 1957;Kagan and Meranze, 1958;Raiczyk and Hall, 1988). Natural hosts of S. douthitti are not impacted as strongly by infection (Zajac and Williams, 1981), so a great deal of new information can be gained by examining the impacts of infection in natural hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Schistosome infection in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus):impacts on host physiology, behavior and energetics

Schwanz

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Phenotypic plasticity is an important means through which animals respond to unpredictability and stressors in the environment (Fordyce, 2006;Schlichting and Pigliucci, 1998). Plasticity can occur at many levels, from physiology and morphology to behavior and life history (King and Murphy, 1985). Organ morphology, for example, can be highly flexible in many animals (Piersma and Lindström, 1997;Starck, 1999). The size of gastrointestinal (GI) tract organs changes with energetic and functional demands, increasing during lactation and cold exposure in rodents, decreasing in preparation for migration in birds, and changing over active and hibernation seasons in lizards (e.g. Hammond et al., 1994;Piersma and Lindström, 1997;Tracy and Diamond, 2005). Similarly, metabolic rates can change with season and ambient temperature (e.g. Hill, 1983).Parasites represent an important stressor for many animals, and their effects on host phenotypes can include direct pathologies and host plasticity. For example, parasitism can cause liver and intestinal damage, anemia and increased thermal conductance (Booth et al., 1993;Holmes and Zohar, 1990;Meagher, 1998;Schall et al., 1982;Tocque, 1993;Wiger, 1977). Parasitism can also lead to changes in the energetics and performance of animals, including reduced feeding and activity, impaired anti-predator and competitive behavior, and altered metabolic rates (Arneberg et al., 1996;Booth et al., 1993;Cunningham et al., 1994;Freeland, 1981;Poirier et al., 1995;Rau, 1983a;Rau, 1983b;Rau and Putter, 1984;Schall et al., 1982;Symons, 1985). Finally, parasitized animals may show shifts in organ size and body tissue composition (Kristan, 2002;Kristan and Hammond, 2000;Kristan and Hammond, 2001;Tocque, 1993). Although it is difficult to distinguish between direct parasite impact and host compensation, host alterations in some systems appear to represent phenotypic plasticity to minimize the fitness costs of infection (e.g. Booth et al., 1993;Kristan and Hammond, 2001;Podesta and Mettrick, 1976). Indeed, parasitism can have strong, negative impacts on host fitness through decreases in survival and reproduction (e.g. Crews and Yoshino, 1989;Fuller and Blaustein, 1996;Goater and Ward, 1992;Neuhaus, 2003;Zuk, 1987). The host-parasite relationship, therefore, provides an interesting and ecologically important stage on which to examine phenotypic plasticity and fitness consequences of stressors. Additionally, understanding the phenotypic response of individual hosts is imperative for understanding populationlevel effects and coevolution between hosts and parasites Animals routinely encounter environmental stressors and may employ phenotypic plasticity to compensate for the costs of these perturbations. Parasites represent an ecologically important stressor for animals, which may induce host plasticity. The present study examined the effects of a trematode parasite, Schistosomatium douthitti, on deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) physiology, behavior and energetics. Measures were taken to assess direct pa...

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Schistosomatoidea and Diplostomoidea

Horák

Kolářová

Mikeš

2014

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Schistosomatium douthitti: Biochemical and morphological effects of an experimental infection in mice

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Conservation of CD4+ T cell-dependent developmental mechanisms in the blood fluke pathogens of humans

Conservation of CD4+ T cell-dependent developmental mechanisms in the blood fluke pathogens of humans

Schistosome infection in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus):impacts on host physiology, behavior and energetics

Schistosomatoidea and Diplostomoidea

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