Schistosomal appendicitis: a rare cause of a common surgical condition

Li, Jia Xi Julian; Fan, Howard S.

doi:10.1093/jscr/rjad188

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…12 Once the diagnosis of schistosomial appendicitis has been confirmed, the disease needs to be eradicated by praziquantel in the form of two doses of 20 mg/kg body weight. 13…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expecting the Unexpected: Schistosomial Appendicitis in Nonendemic Area

Aravessery,

Raza,

Azfar

2024

Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

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Background Schistosomiasis is a granulomatous disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. Appendicitis secondary to schistosomiasis is a rarely encountered presentation, even in endemic areas. Most acute intestinal schistosomiasis presents with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Other atypical clinical presentations include intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, and acute appendicitis. Case Description We report a case of a 37-year-old male from the Philippines who presented with the clinical picture of acute appendicitis and was treated with laparoscopic appendectomy. Pathological study revealed calcified Schistosomia japonicum's egg in a background of acute inflammation. Conclusion Worldwide increase in immigration and tourism resulted in an increased number of schistosomiasis in nonendemic areas. Considering this, we are faced with the uncommon etiology of acute appendicitis.

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“…12 Once the diagnosis of schistosomial appendicitis has been confirmed, the disease needs to be eradicated by praziquantel in the form of two doses of 20 mg/kg body weight. 13…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expecting the Unexpected: Schistosomial Appendicitis in Nonendemic Area

Aravessery,

Raza,

Azfar

2024

Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

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“…Clinical presentation of schistosomal appendicitis is similar to other causes of acute appendicitis, and routine investigations provide limited additional information. Diagnosis involves serology, polymerase chain reaction assays, and histopathological confirmation with the presence of Schistosoma ova and granulomatous inflammation [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schistosomal appendicitis is a rare condition that occurs when the appendix is affected by schistosomiasis. This parasitic infection is more commonly seen in endemic areas but can also be encountered in developed countries due to global travel and migration patterns [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomal appendicitis: a case report

Khalifa,

Elhassan,

Abdel Rahim

2024

J Med Case Reports

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Background Schistosomiasis is one of the endemic parasitic diseases in many developing countries. Despite this, appendicitis secondary to schistosomiasis is an uncommon condition even in some endemic areas. Schistosomal appendicitis, an incidentally discovered appendicitis associated with schistosomiasis histological findings, affects young males predominantly. Timely diagnosis and treatment, including appendectomy and anti-helminthic therapy, are crucial. Case report A 24-year-old Sudanese male patient presented with abdominal pain. Diagnosed with acute appendicitis, he underwent appendectomy, revealing appendix inflammation with Schistosoma ova in histopathology. Abdominal ultrasound detected no complications. Weakly positive Schistosoma serology was noted, but stool and urine analysis showed no infection evidence. Prescribed praziquantel, patient had 3-year post-op follow-up without complications. Conclusions This case report underscores the significance of including schistosomiasis in the differential diagnosis of appendicitis, particularly in regions where the disease is endemic. It underscores the necessity of histopathological evaluations for accurate diagnosis, emphasizing the potential implications for clinical practice in similar settings.

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“…The most frequent theory is that eggs in the appendix wall cause inflammation, which leads to fibrosis and constriction of the appendiceal lumen. Other hypotheses include Schistosoma egg emboli producing ischemia, and granulomatous inflammation of the periappendicular intestine, causing fibrosis and disruption of the intestinal wall leading to obstruction of the appendix and acute appendicitis (Badmos, et al, 2006;Ahmed, et al, 2014;Li, et al, 2023). The main lines of treatment for schistosomiasis-related acute appendicitis are appendectomy and praziquantel therapy (40 mg/kg administered as a single oral dosage) (Doudier, et al, 2004).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present work, all patients with confirmed parasitic appendicitis received appropriate anti-parasitic drugs in addition to appendectomy to eradicate the parasite and prevent its sequelae (Sforza, et al, 2011;Imamura, et al, 2019;Alshihmani, 2022;Li, et al, 2023;Shiihara, et al, 2023).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Infections as a Neglected Cause of Acute Appendicitis: Value of Routine Pathological Handling of Appendectomy Specimens

Alghamdi,

Salem,

Ghannam

et al. 2024

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, D. Histology

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Background:The role of parasitic infections in acute appendicitis is still debatable. We aimed to investigate the role of parasitic infections in acute appendicitis as a neglected risk factor in an attempt to early recognition and treatment. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study included 1365 patients who underwent appendectomy. Demographic data, presentation, complications, investigation, and pathological reports were obtained from patients' records. Patients were categorized into two groups: group I (n=37), with parasitic infections present, and group II (n=1328) absent parasitic infections. Results: The prevalence of acute parasitic appendicitis was 2.7%. The mean age group of patients with appendiceal parasitic infections was 23.86±10.1 years with a male/female ratio of 1.6:1. The detected parasites were 21 (56.8%) Enterobius vermicularis, 9 (24.3%) Ascaris lumbricoides, 7 (18.9%) Schistosoma mansoni. The histopathological examination of acute appendicitis with parasitic infections revealed non-complicated histopathology in 62.2% of specimens, acute catarrhal inflammation in 13.5% of specimens, acute suppurative appendicitis in 16.2%, acutely gangrenous appendicitis in 5.4% of specimens and with schistosomiasis infection there was acutely gangrenous appendicitis with perforation in 2.7% of specimens. Common presenting symptoms in acute appendicitis with parasitic infections were nausea in 86.5%, and periumbilical pain in 78.3%. The complications were significantly common among acute appendicitis patients with parasitic infections (13.5%) compared to those without parasitic infections (4.1%) (p=0.006). There is no reported mortality among studied cases. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that acute parasitic infection is one of the infectious agents that may increase the risk of appendicitis and can be identified postoperatively in the resected appendix. These findings emphasize the importance of considering the neglected role of parasites in acute appendicitis. As a result, early detection and treatment of parasites are recommended for complete eradication.

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Schistosomal appendicitis: a rare cause of a common surgical condition

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Expecting the Unexpected: Schistosomial Appendicitis in Nonendemic Area

Expecting the Unexpected: Schistosomial Appendicitis in Nonendemic Area

Schistosomal appendicitis: a case report

Parasitic Infections as a Neglected Cause of Acute Appendicitis: Value of Routine Pathological Handling of Appendectomy Specimens

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