Graphical abstractSchistosomula- and adult worms-derived antigens induce predominant Th1 immune responses. The radiation-attenuated cercariae vaccine efficacy is dependent on induction of Th1 and Th2 immune responses. Accordingly, schistosomula- and adult worms-derived antigens used for effective vaccination must be combined with Th2 immune responses-inducing cytokines or molecules as adjuvant.