Schistosoma haematobium: Population Genetics of S. haematobium by Direct Measurement of Parasite Diversity Using RAPD–PCR

Shiff, Clive; Brouwer, Kimberly C.; Clow, Larry

doi:10.1006/expr.2000.4548

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…48,49 Serologic methods that are more sensitive are applicable only before treatment because PZQ alters parasite-specific immune responses 50 ; molecular methods detecting parasite DNA 51 or microRNAs 52 have yet to be evaluated in this age group. It has recently been reported that egg count methods can result in misclassification of the endemicity of schistosomiasis in an area and consequently lead to fewer treatments than actually required.…”

Section: Point-of-care Infection and Morbidity Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Policy and Practice in the Control of Pediatric Schistosomiasis

Mutapi

2015

Pediatrics

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Schistosomiasis is a chronic disease that affects ∼200 million people. The extended health impact of the disease has been estimated to exceed that of malaria or tuberculosis and to be nearer to that of HIV/AIDS. Within endemic areas, children carry the heaviest burden of infection. Infection/disease is controlled by the treatment of infected subjects with the anthelminthic drug praziquantel. Global initiatives from Partners of Parasite Control, including the World Health Organization (WHO), advocate regular school-based deworming strategies to reduce the development of severe morbidity, promote school–child health and development, and improve the cognitive potential of children. Until recently, preschool-aged children were excluded from schistosome treatment, creating a health inequity in affected populations. In 2010, the WHO updated their recommendations for the treatment of schistosomiasis in preschool-aged children (ie, children aged ≤5 years). This change was the culmination of several decades of research on schistosome epidemiology, immunology, and pathology in this age group. The recent development of a pediatric formulation of praziquantel (soon to enter clinical trials) should advance control efforts in preschool-aged children, with the goal of including these children in preventative chemotherapy (as currently occurs for soil-transmitted helminths). This review discusses the research work supporting the WHO revision of recommendations for treating preschool-aged children, as well as current barriers and knowledge gaps in pediatric schistosomiasis control.

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Section: Point-of-care Infection and Morbidity Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Policy and Practice in the Control of Pediatric Schistosomiasis

Mutapi

2015

Pediatrics

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“…They have demonstrated that, with S. haematobium , it is feasible to sample a population of parasites conveniently and arrive at estimates of the frequency of various alleles using RAPD–PCR. The method of schistosome sampling, through single genetic drift, and through limited numbers of infected snails, snail mortality, does play a role, increasing the numbers of snails for haematobium [13]. Knowing the extent of parasite gene flow and the nature of any barriers to such flow will be important in predicting the likely washing spread of drug resistance genes, if they appear [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method of schistosome sampling, through single genetic drift, and through limited numbers of infected snails, snail mortality, does play a role, increasing the numbers of snails for haematobium [13]. Knowing the extent of parasite gene flow and the nature of any barriers to such flow will be important in predicting the likely washing spread of drug resistance genes, if they appear [13]. RAPD primers survey a large number of loci throughout the entire genome and have proven useful in characterizing both inter- and intraspecific relationships [14, 15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RAPD primers survey a large number of loci throughout the entire genome and have proven useful in characterizing both inter- and intraspecific relationships [14, 15]. As very little DNA is required for such analyses, cercarial or miracidial stages of schistosomes can be used as a source of genetic material, thus minimizing selection caused by passaging through unnatural hosts [13, 16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium parasite IS NOT associated with severity of disease in an endemic area in Sudan

et al. 2014

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BackgroundOver 650 million people globally are at risk of schistosomiasis infection, while more than 200 million people are infected of which the higher disease rates occur in children. Eighty three students between 6-20 years (mean 12.45 ± 3.2) from Quran School for boys in Radwan village, Gezira state were recruited to investigate for the relationship between the genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium strains and the severity of the disease.MethodSchistosoma haematobium infection was detected by filtration of urine. Ultrasonography was done on each study subject, while PCR technique was used for genotyping via random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with A01, A02, A12, Y20 and A13 primers. A01 primer gave three different genotypes (A01-1, A01-2 and A01-3).ResultsAbout 54.2% (45/83) were S. haematobium egg positive by urine filtration. On assessment of the upper and lower urinary tract by ultrasound technique, 61.4% (51/83) were positiveand73.3% (60/83) samples were PCR positive. No significant difference was found when comparing the three different genotypes with severity of the disease.ConclusionThis study concludes that no association was found between the different genotypes of S.haemtobium and the severity of the disease. Examination of more samples from different areas to identify any possible differences between the parasites genes and disease severity was recommended.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-469) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…RAPD is a simple molecular tool for the analysis of genetic variation of filarial parasites ) and other organisms (Wilkerson et al 1993;Lescuyer et al 1997;Steindel et al 1993). The potential of RAPD has also been exploited in taxonomy and population genetics of several organisms by other workers (Bandi et al 1993;Shiff et al 2000). This method also reveals the inter-specific phylogenetic relationships at the molecular level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular differentiation of nocturnally periodic and diurnally sub-periodic Wuchereria bancrofti by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

Das

Ramasamy

Hoti

et al. 2010

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Wuchereria bancrofti, a nematode parasite, is responsible for causing 90% of lymphatic filariasis infection in the world. In India, W. bancrofti exists in two physiological forms, nocturnally periodic in the main land and diurnally sub-periodic in Car Nicobar group of islands. Differentiation of these two parasitic forms by conventional microscopic methods difficult requiring good skill and hence tedious. Therefore, we developed a simple and rapid Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay to differentiate these parasitic forms. Also, the phylogenetic relationship between periodic and sub-periodic W. bancrofti and also Brugia malayi populations was analyzed using RAPD profile generated. Distinct RAPD profiles were observed among the three parasites with the formation of three distinct clusters in the phylogenetic tree. Substantial genetic diversity (Nei's genetic diversity H) was observed among periodic (H = 0.0577) and sub-periodic (H = 0.1415) W. bancrofti populations.

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Schistosoma haematobium: Population Genetics of S. haematobium by Direct Measurement of Parasite Diversity Using RAPD–PCR

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Changing Policy and Practice in the Control of Pediatric Schistosomiasis

Changing Policy and Practice in the Control of Pediatric Schistosomiasis

Genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium parasite IS NOT associated with severity of disease in an endemic area in Sudan

Molecular differentiation of nocturnally periodic and diurnally sub-periodic Wuchereria bancrofti by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

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