Schistonchus hirtus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), an associate of Ficus hirta in China

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A checklist of Schistonchus collected from Ficus spp. in Australia and stored in the Waite Nematode Collection at the University of Adelaide is presented. Within Australia, Schistonchus contains 12 morphospecies and four nominal species, based on a combination of the following characters: body shape when heat-relaxed, position of excretory pore, length of post-uterine sac, spicule form, and number and position of caudal papillae. Up to four morphospecies of Schistonchus have been collected from one species of Ficus and, in several cases, one morphospecies of Schistonchus has been collected from more than one host fig species. A phylogenetic tree based on D2/D3 sequences showed that Australian collections of Schistonchus fall into two clades, suggestive of endemic and introduced lineages with host switching. Schistonchus aculeata sp. n. is described from F. aculeata and F. opposita and differentiated from other species of Schistonchus by having the excretory pore opening near the lips, a short post-uterine sac, rosethorn-shaped spicules, arcuate gubernaculum or thickening of dorsal wall, amoeboid sperm, and three pairs of caudal papillae (one pair adcloacal, one just posterior to mid-tail, and one near the tail tip), association with Kradibia spp. pollinating wasps and apparent biogeographical range. A key to the known species and morphospecies of Schistonchus from Australia is presented.

Section: Genetics Of Schistonchusmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Schistonchus (Aphelenchoididae) from Ficus (Moraceae) in Australia, with description of S. aculeata sp. n.

Davies

Bartholomaeus

et al. 2010

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“…with other described species in Schistonchus is not well resolved, but probably represents another 'Schistonchu. 'i' lineage (Zeng et al, 2010). Davies et al (2013) inferred that S. baculum and S. guangzhouensis are putative sisters in a single clade based on phylogenetic analysis (Davies et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistonchus fistulosus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) associated with Ficus fistulosa in China

Zeng

Wang

et al. 2013

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A new nematode species was recovered from syconia of Ficus flstulosa from the South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, during a survey of nematode biodiversity from 2007 to 2012. It is described herein as Schistonchus flstulosus n. sp. and is typologically characterised by possessing the combined characters of a long post-uterine sac, excretory pore located near the metacorpus, amoeboid sperm, three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail, a mucron on the male tail tip, absence of a gubernaculum and possession of ox-horn-shaped spicules without a terminal cucullus and with a short, broad and bluntly rounded rostrum. Schistonchus flstulosus n. sp. was easily differentiated from other sequenced species by the partial small subunit rRNA gene (SSU) and D3 expansion segments of the large subunit rRNA gene (LSU). Phylogenetic analysis with partial SSU sequences suggests that S. flstulosus n. sp. has a closer relationship with S. guangzhouensis and S. baculum in the same highly supported monophyletic clade than to the other sequenced Schistonchus species. Based upon inferences using LSU D3 sequence data, it is also in a well-supported monophyletic clade with S. guangzhouensis and S. baculum.

“…Martin et al (1973) reported a variety of different ne matode types associated with figs in tropical Africa, but provided few taxonomic details. Two nematode genera, Schistonchus Cobb, 1927(Fuchs, 1937) (Aphelenchoididae) and Parasitodiplogaster Poinar, 1979 (Diplogastridae), are well known from inside the sycones of Ficus species worldwide (Gasparrini, 1864;Poinar, 1979;Kumari & Reddy, 1984;Reddy & Rao, 1984;Poinar & Herre, 1991;Giblin-Davis et al, 1995, 2003, 2006Lloyd & Davies, 1997;DeCrappeo & Giblin-Davis, 2001;Anand, 2002;Zeng et al, 2007Zeng et al, , 2010Zeng et al, , 2011Zeng et al, , 2013aBartholomaeus et al, 2009Bartholomaeus et al, , 2012Davies et al, 2009Davies et al, , 2010Kanzaki et al, 2010Kanzaki et al, , 2012Kanzaki et al, , 2013Kanzaki et al, , 2014aWohr et al, 2014). Schistonchus is a polyphyletic plant-parasitic nematode grouping in the Aphelenchoididae that feeds and reproduces on the epidermis of florets inside the sycone and is an internal phoretic of its fig wasp pol linator host which transports it to the next suitable fig (Vovlas etal., 1992(Vovlas etal., , 1996Giblin-Davis etal., 1995;Cen ter et al, 1999;Davies et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ficotylus laselvae n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Anguinidae) associated with Ficus colubrinae in Costa Rica

Giblin-Davis

Kanzaki

Davies

et al. 2014

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Ficotylus laselvae n. sp. was recovered from under the bracts of figs (syconia) of Ficus colubrinae from La Selva, Costa Rica, during a survey of nematode rainforest biodiversity and is described herein. This is only the second report of an association between the nematode suborder Tylenchina and the sycones of figs. Previous reports of most nematode associates of the sycones of figs have been from the lumen and involved transmission by female fig wasp pollinators (Agaonidae) during pollination/oviposition (e.g., Schistonchus and Parasitodiplogaster spp.). The association between F. laselvae n. sp. and Ficus colubrinae may involve an invertebrate host, but none was recovered from dissections of the bracts during this study. It is also possible that this is a rainforest understory nematode that feeds ectoparasitically in protected areas on the aerial parts of F. colubrinae. Molecular analysis using nearfull-length sequences of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA and D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA genes of Ficotylus laselvae n. sp. suggests that it is a member of the suborder Tylenchina (infraorder: Tylenchomorpha; family: Anguinidae) and that the closest sequenced species is F. congestae from the lumen of sycones of Ficus congesta from Queensland, Australia. Although both nematode species are associated with figs, they are morphologically divergent, suggesting that the different micro-niches that they fill provide different selective pressures for evolution of differing morphological characters or they represent different life history morphotypes of a dicyclic genus.