Schimmelpilze im Haushalt/Moulds in the Domestic Environment

Abstract

Zusammenfassung: An 77 Meßstellen in Küchen, Badezimmern sowie in Wohn‐ und Schlafräu‐men von Wohnungen wurde der Gesamtgehalt der Luft an Schimmelpilzen (mit Malzextrakt‐agar) sowie selektiv an Aspergillus parasiticus, A. flavus und Penicillium roqueforti (mit diffe‐renzierenden Nährböden) bestimmt; die übrigen Schimmelpilze wurden nicht differenziert. Der Keimgehalt war besonders hoch (bis zu 60 koloniebildende Elemente je 30 Liter Luft) bei höhe‐ren Temperaturen, Luftbewegungen (z. B. Klopfen von Teppichen, Bettenmachen) sowie über textilen Unterlagen (Teppichen, Sofas). A. parasiticus und A. flavus traten gehäuft auf bei Temperaturen von über 24°C in Badezimmern (insbesondere über den Vorlegern vor Toilettenschüsseln) und in Wohnräumen in der Nähe von Sofas, Gardinen und Läufern. P. roqueforti war nur in Küchen zu finden (Kühlschrank, verschimmeltes Brot, Brotschneidemaschinen, Mülleimer). Summary: The mould content of the air at 77 sites in kitchens, bathrooms, living‐rooms and bedrooms in houses was measured using malt extract agar (total mould content) and differentiating media for Aspergillus parasiticus/A. flavus and for Penicillium roqueforti; other moulds have not been differentiated. The mould content was especially high (up to 60 colony forming elements in 301 air) at higher temperatures, in currents of air (e. g. brushing out of carpets, shaking of beds) as well as above textile materials (carpets, sofas). A. parasiticus/A. flavus were frequent at temperatures of more than 24°C in bathrooms (especially above WC mats) and in living‐rooms near curtains, sofas and carpets. P. roqueforti was only found in kitchens (refrigerator, moulded bread, bread‐cutting machines, waste‐bins).

Environmental Factors Causing the Development of Microorganisms on the Surfaces of National Cultural Monuments Made of Mineral Building Materials—Review

“…There are many species of microorganisms in the air but the most common are Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus [29,30]. On the other hand, indoor air additionally includes Mucor, Ulocladium, Trichoderma, Chaetomium [31,32] as well as Fusarium, Stachybotrys, and Trichothecium [33] with varied environmental domination. Presented below is a diagram (Figure 5) with the most common fungi isolated from walls and other surfaces in damp buildings.…”