The mathematical model of the unit of the water treatment scheme is based on the mathematical model of improvements in the consistency metrics by step of treatment and is the basis for the technical measurement of this element. The suggested step-by-stage estimation of the water quality indicators for the assembled water treatment unit system helps the final quality of the treated water to be calculated and the mathematical model of the quality indicators adjustment by treatment phase was developed in relation to the water used in the TPP water treatment. For circuit elements, the change in the input and output quality indicators occurs depending on the type of processing, which is conveniently represented by equivalent circuits. For circuit elements, input and output quality variation occurs depending on the type of processing, which is conveniently represented by equivalent circuits. Thus, an equivalent scheme for the change in quality indicators by treatment stage can be represented by the example of a one-stage chemical desalination scheme for natural water. It should be noted that the calculated concentration fractions of carbon dioxide dissociation forms and known carbonate hardness, for example, can be used to determine the concentrations themselves.