Schematic information, attention, and memory for places.

Salmaso, Paola; Baroni, María Rosa; Job, Remo; Peron, Erminielda Mainardi

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.9.2.263

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In a related study Salmaso, Baroni, Job, and Peron (1983) reported that the encoding instructions given to subjects significantly varied their memory for types of objects in a scene. Subjects were walked through an office area and then tested on their memory for the physical appearance of room frame objects (e.g., floor, walls, ceiling light) and schema consistent objects (e.g., chair, waste basket, card index).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory for real-world scenes: The role of consistency with schema expectation.

Pezdek¹,

Whetstone²,

Reynolds³

et al. 1989

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

148

163

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The Claremont Graduate School This study tested the generalizability of the consistency effect to real-world settings. The consistency effect refers to the finding that items inconsistent with expectations are better recalled and recognized than items consistent with expectations. In two experiments, subjects walked into a graduate student's office or a preschool classroom. Half of the items in each setting were consistent with expectations about that setting, and half were inconsistent. A recall and a samechanged recognition memory test followed immediately or 1 day later. In both experiments, the consistency effect was affirmed; items inconsistent with expectations were significantly better recalled and recognized than items consistent with expectations. This result is discussed in terms of differences in the encoding processes that operate on inconsistent and consistent items. The present study extends the generalizability of results from picture memory studies to real-world settings.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory for real-world scenes: The role of consistency with schema expectation.

Pezdek¹,

Whetstone²,

Reynolds³

et al. 1989

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

148

163

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hess & Satterfield Tate, 1991). Following the procedures in the studies of Brewer and Treyens (1981), Pezdek et al (1989), andSalmaso, Baroni, Job, andMainardi Peron (1983), we directed participants to an office room containing expected and unexpected objects. After having viewed the objects, subjects were given recognition tests on item and token information.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and memory for expected and unexpected objects in real-world settings.

Mäntylä¹,

Bäckman²

1992

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Adult age differences in the consistency effect were examined in 3 experiments. The consistency effect refers to items inconsistent with expectations being better remembered than items consistent with expectations. Younger and older adults walked into an office room and viewed objects that varied in their consistency with expectation. Immediate and delayed recognition tests on item information (i.e., distractors were defined by their semantic identity) revealed that both age groups recognized unexpected items better than expected items. However, when recognition of token information was requested (i.e., distractors were defined by their physical appearance), younger adults, in contrast to older adults, exhibited consistency effects. Also, under divided attention, young adults revealed the same pattern of data as did elderly adults under full attention. The results are discussed in terms of capacity-related differences in distinctive encoding.

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“…La percepción espacial es un proceso constructivo que implica entre otras cosas la extracción de características (procesos de abajo-arriba), pero también la confirmación de expectativas y la interpretación en base al conocimiento ptevio, esquemas y metas (procesos de arriba-abajo). Salmaso et al (1983) y Brewer y Treyens (1981) encontraron que se recuerda mejor la información sobre lugares congruente con un esquema previo sobre los mismos, que aquella no relevante o inesperada según el esquema. El efecto de la congruencia, sin embargo, está modulado por la saliencia de la información así como por la adopción de estrategias intencionales o incidentales y no favorece el reconocimiento.…”

Section: Conocimiento Espacialunclassified

Mapas cognitivos: Revisión crítica

Carreiras

1986

Estudios de Psicología

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Muchos aspectos de nuestra conducta en el ambiente indican que poseemos una representación interna del mismo. Somos capaces de planificar la ruta hasta un lugar determinado y llegar allí sin demasiados problemas. Incluso, si una calle está cortada buscamos con facilidad una senda alternativa. Con frecuencia podemos dar las instrucciones precisas a un forastero para que se encamine en la dirección correcta y alcance el lugar deseado; rara vez nos perdemos en la ciudad en que vivimos, etc. La realización de éstas y otras tareas similares requieren, en ausencia de ayudas externas, tales como un mapa, la presencia de una representación interna -mapa cognitivo-que preserve información sobre el ambiente.

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Schematic information, attention, and memory for places.

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Memory for real-world scenes: The role of consistency with schema expectation.

Memory for real-world scenes: The role of consistency with schema expectation.

Aging and memory for expected and unexpected objects in real-world settings.

Mapas cognitivos: Revisión crítica

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