Schema representations in distinct brain networks support narrative memory during encoding and retrieval

Masís-Obando, Rolando; Ka, Norman; Baldassano, Christopher

doi:10.1101/2021.05.17.444363

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…This result is not entirely unexpected given that previous studies have found low levels of ISC in this region (Baldassano et al, 2017), especially in developmental populations (Lerner et al, 2019;Moraczewski et al, 2018). Furthermore, as has been found previously, it may be that only a subregion of the medial prefrontal cortex represents events (Baldassano et al, 2017;Brod et al, 2017;Masís-Obando, Norman, & Baldassano, 2022;Van Kesteren et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Developmental changes in story-evoked responses in the neocortex and hippocampus

Cohen

Baldassano

2021

Preprint

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How does the representation of naturalistic life events change with age? Here we analyzed fMRI data from 415 children and adolescents (5 - 19 years) as they watched a narrative movie. In addition to changes in the degree of inter-subject correlation (ISC) with age in sensory and medial parietal regions, we used a novel measure (between-groups ISC) to reveal age-related shifts in the responses across the majority of the neocortex. Over the course of development, brain responses became more discretized into stable and coherent events, and shifted earlier in time to anticipate upcoming event transitions. However, hippocampal responses to event boundaries actually decreased with age, suggesting a shifting division of labor between episodic encoding processes and schematic event representations between the ages of 5 and 19.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Developmental changes in story-evoked responses in the neocortex and hippocampus

Cohen

Baldassano

2021

Preprint

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“…3B ), emphasizing the importance of stimulus content. However, within each movie, regions with neural-behavioral segmentation alignment showed anatomical consistency with previous reports of regions that are sensitive to event changes (Baldassano et al, 2017; DuBrow & Davachi, 2016; Masís-Obando et al, 2021; Speer et al, 2003, 2007; Zacks et al, 2001). These included higher-order attention or default mode regions, including the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), prefrontal cortex (PFC), insula, parietal cortex, and cingulate.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Past work has theorized that current perceptual information interacts with long-term knowledge about event categories (schemas and scripts) when forming and updating event models (Radvansky & Zacks, 2014). These stereotyped changes likely form shared boundaries (Baldassano et al, 2018; Masís-Obando et al, 2022) and reflect central hubs in the narrative (Lee and Chen, 2022). We suggest that individual-specific boundaries—i.e., those not shared among the majority of subjects—may reflect moments with more idiosyncratic meanings (i.e., a moment activating one’s own autobiographical memory) that lead to variable interpretations of a stimulus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in neural event segmentation of continuous experiences

Sava-Segal

Richards

Leung

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Event segmentation is a spontaneous part of perception, important for processing continuous information and organizing it into memory. While neural and behavioral event segmentation show a degree of inter-subject consistency, meaningful individual variability exists atop these shared patterns. Here we characterized individual differences in the location of neural and behavioral event boundaries across four short movies that varied in both high- and low-level features and evoked variable interpretations. We studied the same individuals across movies to investigate the extent to which individual segmentation styles are stable irrespective of the stimulus (i.e., "trait-like") versus content-dependent. Results showed that across-subject event boundary alignment follows a posterior-to-anterior gradient that is tightly correlated with the rate of segmentation; slower segmenting regions that integrate information over longer time periods show more individual variability. We found that certain aspects of movie content-namely, continuity editing and social content-drive more shared boundaries and are better suited to pull out individual differences. We identified a subset of regions, specific to each movie, in which neural boundary locations are both aligned with behavioral boundaries during encoding and predictive of stimulus interpretation, suggesting that event segmentation may be a mechanism by which narratives generate variable memories and appraisals of stimuli.

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“…The contexts we encounter help us to construct situation models (Manning et al, 2015;Radvansky and Copeland, 2006;Ranganath and Ritchey, 2012;Zwaan et al, 1995;Zwaan and Radvansky, 1998) or schemas (Baldassano et al, 2018;Masís-Obando et al, 2022;Tse et al, 2007) that describe how experiences are likely to unfold based on our prior experiences with similar contextual cues. For example, when we enter a sit-down restaurant, we might expect to be seated at a table, given a menu, and served food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feature and order manipulations in a free recall task affect memory for current and future lists

Manning¹,

Whitaker²,

Fitzpatrick³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We perceive, interpret, and remember ongoing experiences through the lens of our prior experiences. Inferring that we are in one type of situation versus another can lead us to interpret the same physical experience differently. In turn, this can affect how we focus our attention, form expectations about what will happen next, remember what is happening now, draw on our prior related experiences, and so on. To study these phenomena, we asked participants to perform simple word list-learning tasks. Across different experimental conditions, we held the set of to-be-learned words constant, but we manipulated how incidental visual features changed across words and lists, along with the orders in which the words were studied. We found that these manipulations affected not only how the participants recalled the manipulated lists, but also how they recalled later (randomly ordered) lists. Our work shows how structure in our ongoing experiences can influence how we remember both our current experiences and unrelated subsequent experiences.

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Schema representations in distinct brain networks support narrative memory during encoding and retrieval

Cited by 9 publications

References 83 publications

Developmental changes in story-evoked responses in the neocortex and hippocampus

Developmental changes in story-evoked responses in the neocortex and hippocampus

Individual differences in neural event segmentation of continuous experiences

Feature and order manipulations in a free recall task affect memory for current and future lists

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