“…To show that the ratio cannot be smaller than 2, consider the following instance: Let T = 12, p 1 = 6, p 2 = p 3 = p 4 = 4, p 5 = p 6 = 3, and t be an arbitrary integer. Applying LP T , we obtain 6 }, and the makespan is C LP T = 2t + 27. However, an optimal solution has two batches, where the first batch contains J 1 , J 5 , J 6 while the second batch contains J 2 , J 3 , J 4 .…”