Scheduled operation of wind farm with a battery-energy-storage system considering ramp events

Abstract

Renewable energy such as wind generation is a countermeasure against global warming and fossil-energy resource depletion. However, wind-farm (WF) output fluctuates because of unstable wind conditions and the occurrence of long-term fluctuations, which are called ramp events. WF power generation operator needs to observe the grid code (GC) by controlling wind generators themselves or adjusting a WF output with the energy-storage system (ESS). Accordingly, scheduling the operation of WF with ESS and WF output forecast is necessary. Scheduled operation has two parts: scheduling of generation plans (SGP) and operating WF (OWF) outputs with the charge/discharge of ESS. This paper proposes the scheduling method, which can control ramp events and satisfy GC formulation such as mixed integer liner programming in the SGP part, and the balancing method, which can reduce the imbalance energy due to control delay of ESS in the OWF part. We also evaluate these methods by annual numerical simulation. We further confirm the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, as well as approximate its battery capacity requirement.

Scheduled Operation of Wind Farm with Battery System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

“…In this section, the basic scheduling model is explained. The basic scheduling model has been proposed in Reference [16], whose purpose is to manage SOC while meeting GC for suppressing ramp fluctuations. The objective function and constraints are shown below.…”

“…Ramp events threaten the reliable and economic operation of power systems [4]. In recent years, this phenomenon has been studied by working in the fields of analysis [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], forecasting [12], and control [13][14][15][16][17][18]. In terms of analytical studies, time series measured at offshore WFs in Horns Rev., Denmark, have been compared to a time series simulated based on the power fluctuation model presented in Reference [5].…”

“…Qi et al proposed the suppressing method of ramp events based on bid strategy by using a competitive game strategy [13]. Moreover, many authors have been proposed scheduled operation methods using an energy storage system (ESS) [14][15][16][17][18].…”

A Stochastic Scheduled Operation of Wind Farm Based on Scenarios of the Generated Power with Copula

“…In our previous research, 20,21 we investigated scheduled operation of WF to handle ramp events. Thus we proposed a deterministic programming (DP) method in which forecast data of WF output were treated as definite values.…”

A stochastic scheduled operation of wind farm based on scenarios of the generated power with copula

“…In our previous research, we investigated scheduled operation of WF to handle ramp events. Thus we proposed a deterministic programming (DP) method in which forecast data of WF output were treated as definite values.…”