“…The remaining subjects displayed either no change in licking or an actual increase in its frequency. Although inconsistent with the temporal competition of running and licking, the failure of wheel running to compete with licking in this specific interval is actually consistent with other work in SIP in which, under certain circumstances, rats defend a particular volume of water either by changing the local rate oflicking or by changing the time spent licking (Flory & 0' Boyle, 1972;Freed & Mendelson, 1977;Gilbert, 1974; but see Porter, 1985;Wetherington, Lawler, & Blanco, 1983;Wetherington & Ware, 1981, for limitations). For example, Flory and O'Boyle (1972) and Gilbert (1974) found that when water was made available only in particular segments of the interfood interval, local increases in licking occurred, so that the overall water intake was virtually unaffected.…”