SCFA Producing Gut Microbiota and its Effects on the Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammation

Hippe, Berit; Remely, Marlene; Aumueller, Eva; Pointner, Angelika; Haslberger, Alexander

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23213-3_9

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In order to understand the relation between consumption of the bacterial strains and reduced cholesterol levels, we first expected that up-regulation of the BSH activity of microbiota modulated by BFE 5264 administration would increase BA excretion, thereby resulting in the use of more circulating cholesterol for de novo BA biosynthesis [ 9 ]. However, we could not find any results supporting this hypothesis, neither in the BA amount in the faeces nor in the expression of cholesterol 7-alpha-mono-oxygenase or cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1), an enzyme for BA synthesis, in the liver ( S2 Fig ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol-lowering effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus BFE5264 and its influence on the gut microbiome and propionate level in a murine model

et al. 2018

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Thanks to recent scientific progress a relationship between the intestinal microbiota and metabolic diseases could be established. A deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms has opened ways towards new approaches for alleviating conditions associated with metabolic diseases. Dysbiosis appears to be a major underlying factor associated with metabolic syndrome and related adverse health conditions. A major focus has therefore shifted to controlling of the gut microbiota through administration of functional lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The scope for health promotion and/or support by probiotics such as LAB has thereby been widened beyond the improving of intestinal health, also to include anti-obesity, anti-diabetic and cholesterol-lowering effects. In this study we investigated the cholesterol-lowering and microbiota modulatory potential of a LAB strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus BFE5264, isolated from Maasai fermented milk. A mouse model receiving a high-cholesterol diet served as model for evaluating its functionality. The administration of L. rhamnosus BFE5264 resulted in a significant reduction of the serum cholesterol level that was accompanied by changes in intestinal microbiota and the production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) in comparison to the control group. This strain also beneficially influenced the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the liver in a pattern similar to that resulting from statin treatment, a drug inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol-lowering effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus BFE5264 and its influence on the gut microbiome and propionate level in a murine model

et al. 2018

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“…However, they were signi cantly reduced in CM group. A mass of SCFAs in rumen provide energy substrates for lactation, meanwhile, inhibit the proliferation of pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Propionate can enhance the resistance to colonization of Salmonella by disrupting the pH stability of bacteria [46]. Butyrate can limit the growth of pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen microbiome structure and metabolites activity in dairy cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis

Wang

Nan²,

Zhao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: With high prevalence and complex etiology, bovine mastitis (BM) often causes serious damage to dairy cows’ health and milk quality. Although the shift in milk has been the main research interest on mastitis, recent studies have suggested that gastrointestinal microorganism has a crucial effect on the inflammation of the tissues outside the gut, such as mammary gland. However, studies related to the variation of rumen inner-environment during mastitis were limited. This study compared the differences of rumen microorganisms and metabolites under different udder health conditions, in order to investigate the correlation between udder health status and rumen microbiome structure and metabolites activity. Based on the somatic cell counts (SCC), California mastitis test (CMT) parameters and clinical symptoms of mastitis, 60 lactating Holstein dairy cows with similar body conditions (excepted for udder health condition) were divided into 3 groups (n = 20 per group): healthy (H) group, subclinical mastitis (SM) group and clinical mastitis (CM) group. Lactation and rumen fermentation parameters were detected, and rumen microbiota and metabolites were analyzed via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics, respectively. Results: As the degree of mastitis increased, milk SCC and milk protein were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Milk yield, milk fat and lactose (P < 0.01), and rumen lactic acid (LA) (P < 0.01), acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate (P < 0.001), total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) concentrations (P < 0.01) and pH value (P = 0.024) were significantly decreased. In the rumen of CM cows, the significantly increased pathogens related to intestinal and oral inflammation, such as g__Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 (P = 0.03), g__Moraxella and g__norank_f__Neisseriaceae (P < 0.01), etc., were accompanied by a significant increase in 12-oxo-20-dihydroxy-leukotriene B4 and 10beta-Hydroxy-6beta-isobutyrylfuranoeremophilane (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, in the rumen of SM cows, the g__Ruminiclostridium_9 (P = 0.04) and g_Enterorhabdus (P = 0.01) were increased with methenamine, 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde (5-HMF) and 6-Methoxymellein (P < 0.01). During mastitis, the decrease of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria and intestinal probiotics in rumen, including g__Prevoterotoella_1 and g__Bifidobacterium (P = 0.03), etc., were significantly reduced, accompanied by a reduction in 2-Phenylbutyric acid (2-PBA) (P < 0.01).Conclusion: This study suggested that the microflora and metabolites associated with pathogen invasion, inflammatory response and rumen wall damage in the rumen of cows suffered mastitis were prominent.

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“…Oligofructose can be rapidly and completely fermented by the colonic microflora with the production of acetate and other SCFA. SCFA stimulate blood flow and hormone secretion in intestinal wall and which in turn additionally stimulate cell proliferation in the large intestine (Hippe et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may be associated with the changes in caecal fermentative processes, i.e. increased propionic acid concentration, which could have beneficial impact on lipid metabolism proportional to its amount (Hippe et al, 2015). Also, the beneficial modulatory effect of dietary fibre and polyphenols from apple and chicory was confirmed by significantly higher HDL to total cholesterol ratio in all experimental groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of diets varying in the type of dietary fibre and its combination with polyphenols on gut function, microbial activity and antioxidant status in rats

Żary-Sikorska¹,

Juśkiewicz²,

Jundziłł³

et al. 2016

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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SCFA Producing Gut Microbiota and its Effects on the Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammation

Cited by 8 publications

References 87 publications

Cholesterol-lowering effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus BFE5264 and its influence on the gut microbiome and propionate level in a murine model

Cholesterol-lowering effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus BFE5264 and its influence on the gut microbiome and propionate level in a murine model

Rumen microbiome structure and metabolites activity in dairy cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis

Effect of diets varying in the type of dietary fibre and its combination with polyphenols on gut function, microbial activity and antioxidant status in rats

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