Scenario-based inundation analysis of metro systems: a case study in Shanghai

Abstract

Abstract. Catastrophic urban floods result in severe inundation of underground facilities in recent years. This paper presents an integrated approach in which an algorithm is proposed to integrate the storm water management model (SWMM) into the geographical information system (GIS) to evaluate the inundation risk. The proposed algorithm simulates the flood inundation of overland flow and metro station for each schemed scenario. It involves i) determination of the grid location and spreading coefficient and ii) iterative calculation of the spreading process. Furthermore, to evaluate the potential inundation risks of metro systems, an equation to qualitatively calculate the inundation depth around a metro station is proposed. This equation considered the drainage capacity and characteristics of each metro station. The proposed method is applied to simulate the inundation risks of the metro system in the urban centre of Shanghai under 50-year, 100-year, and 500-year scenarios. Both the inundation extent and depth are derived. The proposed method is validated by verifying from the records of historical floods. The results demonstrate that in case of the 500-year-rainfall scenario, for an inundation depth of over 300 mm, the inundated area is up to 5.16 km2, which is 4.3 % of the studied area and that there are four metro stations inundated to a depth of over 300 mm.

Application and Evaluation of the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model (CMADS) in Poorly Gauged Regions in Western China

“…The HRB has higher altitudes in the south and west than in the north and east and is characterized by scarce precipitation, adequate sunshine, and a large diurnal temperature range. The total catchment area is 9973 km 2 with an average elevation ranging from 1980.629 to 4029.827 m (Figure 1). The HRB has an average annual precipitation of 300 700 mm and average annual temperatures ranging between 3 and 7 .…”

Flood Risk Assessment in an Underground Railway System under the Impact of Climate Change—A Case Study of the Barcelona Metro

“…The main objective of this research is to analyze Metro stations' vulnerability facing floods under extreme rainfall events, then, exposing the system to climate change flooding influenced events. Other research approaches focus on ensuring transport service continuity using other public transport modes, responding to Metro system flooding events [23][24][25][26]. In order to address the cited research gaps, this study proposes and analyzes interactions connecting pluvial flood events and the water level thresholds inside Metro station tunnels that might result in service disruption, through a hydrodynamic model including the Metro system.…”

Hazards threatening underground transport systems

“…Connection linking flood events on the surface with vulnerability to flooding of underground subway infrastructure. (Lyu et al 2016) b. Frameworks based on decision-making methods as networks theory and analytic hierarchy process for assessing the flood evolution process and consequences in underground spaces (Lyu et al 2018;Wu et al 2018a) c. Integration of a stormwater management model into a geographical information system to evaluate the flood risk in a specific metro system (Herath and Dutta 2004;Li et al 2018a;Lyu et al 2019a) d. Methodologies to obtaining risk level studying both flood intensity and evacuation difficulty in underground spaces like metro stations (Han et al 2019) e. Analysis of metro systems resilience in the face of flood hazards, studying the components failure steps (Gonzva et al 2017) f. Risk assessment for metro systems flooding events based on regional flood risk evaluation methods (Lyu et al 2019b) g. Evaluation of the waterlogging risk of metro infrastructure caused by rainstorm in a specific Metro system (Quan et al 2011) h. Assessment of the risk in a specific metro system against fluvial flooding (Compton et al 2009) i. Evacuation of ridership from inundated underground space (Ishigaki et al 2008(Ishigaki et al , 2010 Table 3.…”