Scattered CaSO4-Crystallites on Needle Surfaces after Simulated Acid Rain as an Indicator of Nutrient Leaching

Huttunen, Satu; Turunen, Minna; Reinikainen, Jaana

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3252-7_15

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In most cases, crystals in plants have been identified as calcium oxalate [9] , [29] , and a few studies have reported the presence of calcium sulfate [41] , [42] , [43] and magnesium oxalate [44] . The present study shows that crystalline oxalate and sulfate salts of calcium, magnesium, strontium, and barium are formed in the studied Acacia plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation of Calcium, Magnesium, Strontium and Barium in Tissues of Four Acacia Species (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

Bleby

Veneklaas

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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Precipitation of calcium in plants is common. There are abundant studies on the uptake and content of magnesium, strontium and barium, which have similar chemical properties to calcium, in comparison with those of calcium in plants, but studies on co-precipitation of these elements with calcium in plants are rare. In this study, we compared morphologies, distributional patterns, and elemental compositions of crystals in tissues of four Acacia species grown in the field as well as in the glasshouse. A comparison was also made of field-grown plants and glasshouse-grown plants, and of phyllodes of different ages for each species. Crystals of various morphologies and distributional patterns were observed in the four Acacia species studied. Magnesium, strontium and barium were precipitated together with calcium, mainly in phyllodes of the four Acacia species, and sometimes in branchlets and primary roots. These elements were most likely precipitated in forms of oxalate and sulfate in various tissues, including epidermis, mesophyll, parenchyma, sclerenchyma (fibre cells), pith, pith ray and cortex. In most cases, precipitation of calcium, magnesium, strontium and barium was biologically induced, and elements precipitated differed between soil types, plant species, and tissues within an individual plant; the precipitation was also related to tissue age. Formation of crystals containing these elements might play a role in regulating and detoxifying these elements in plants, and protecting the plants against herbivory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation of Calcium, Magnesium, Strontium and Barium in Tissues of Four Acacia Species (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

Bleby

Veneklaas

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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“…Thus, the data overwhelmingly comes from angiosperms. To our knowledge, no studies have directly measured pH levels on the leaf surfaces of gymnosperms; however, several studies indicate that acid rain causes increased foliar cation leaching in conifers ( Huttunen et al . 1990 ; DeHayes et al .…”

Section: Taxonomic Variation and Possible Evolutionary Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid or base? How do plants regulate the ecology of their phylloplane?

Gilbert

Renner

2021

AoB PLANTS

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Plants interface with and modify the external environment across their surfaces, and in so doing, can control or mitigate the impacts of abiotic stresses and also mediate their interactions with other organisms. Botanically, it is known that plant roots have a multi-faceted ability to modify rhizosphere conditions like pH, a factor with a large effect on a plant’s biotic interactions with microbes. But plants can also modify pH levels on the surfaces of their leaves. Plants can neutralize acid rain inputs in a period of hours, and either acidify or alkalinize the pH of neutral water droplets in minutes. The pH of the phylloplane—that is, the outermost surface of the leaf—varies across species, from incredibly acidic (carnivorous plants: as low as pH 1) to exceptionally alkaline (species in the plant family, Malvaceae, up to pH 11). However, most species mildly acidify droplets on the phylloplane by 1.5 orders of magnitude in pH. Just as rhizosphere pH helps shape the plant microbiome and is known to influence belowground interactions, so too can phylloplane pH influence aboveground interactions in plant canopies. In this review, we discuss phylloplane pH regulation from the physiological, molecular, evolutionary, and ecological perspectives and address knowledge gaps and identify future research directions.

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“…An additional study which links the formation of gypsum with biological processes is that of Huttunen, Turunen & Reinikainen (1990/1991) who described the role of Ca in higher plants exposed to H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 . The authors conducted a study which applied simulated acid rain to tree needles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical conversion is suggested to be the following: This conversion could take place in the Ashdod town area, as reports indicate that in 39% of the rain events of the 1994/1995 season, rainwater samples had a pH below 5·6 (Anon 1995). An additional study which links the formation of gypsum with biological processes is that of Huttunen, Turunen & Reinikainen (1990 who described the role of Ca in higher plants exposed to H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 . The authors conducted a study which applied simulated acid rain to tree needles.…”

Section: S Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium oxalate and sulphate‐containing structures on the thallial surface of the lichen Ramalina lacera: response to polluted air and simulated acid rain

Garty¹,

Kunin²,

Delarea³

et al. 2002

Plant Cell & Environment

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The formation of calcium-containing structures on the thallial surface of the lichen Ramalina lacera (With.) J.R. Laund. in response to air pollution and to simulated acid rain, was studied in in situ and transplanted thalli. In situ thalli were collected from an unpolluted site and transplanted to heavily polluted and less polluted sites for a 10 month period. Additional thalli were treated either with double distilled water or with simulated acid rain. Scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectrometry revealed that thallial surfaces of in situ R. lacera samples collected in unpolluted sites were covered with two kinds of calcium oxalate crystals: whewellite and weddellite. These aggregates of calcium oxalate crystals appear to disintegrate and provide a crystal layer on the thallial surface. Infrared spectroscopy of powder scraped from thallial surfaces of transplants, retrieved from non-polluted sites, showed the presence of whewellite and weddellite, whereas powders obtained from thalli retrieved from polluted sites contained whewellite, weddellite and gypsum. It is suggested that a certain fraction of the gypsum detected in crater-like structures in transplants from polluted sites and in thalli treated with simulated acid rain is endogenous and should be considered a biomineral.

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Scattered CaSO4-Crystallites on Needle Surfaces after Simulated Acid Rain as an Indicator of Nutrient Leaching

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Precipitation of Calcium, Magnesium, Strontium and Barium in Tissues of Four Acacia Species (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

Precipitation of Calcium, Magnesium, Strontium and Barium in Tissues of Four Acacia Species (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

Acid or base? How do plants regulate the ecology of their phylloplane?

Calcium oxalate and sulphate‐containing structures on the thallial surface of the lichen Ramalina lacera: response to polluted air and simulated acid rain

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