The present goals of this research project are to (1) determine the characteristics of 1.0 noise scattered by the swimbladder of the goldfish and the oscar, (2) develop a method to 0 reproduce the scattered signal using signal generators, filters, and underwater transducers, and (3) measure the ability of the fish to discriminate this signal from simulated scattered noise. O This research project has progressed in three major areas this past year: a more comprehensive C t') literature review on fish hearing, improvements in the system used to measure the response of C a fish's swimbladder to low frequency sound, and the acquisition of additional equipment < needed for measuring the ability of a fish to detect scattered ambient noise. Literature Review A library of over 200 journal articles and 7 books relevant to fish hearing was compiled for reference. One result of this review was the drafting and successful defense of a Ph.D. thesis proposal. Swimbladder Response The majority of the effort in the past year was spent on refining the NIVAMS (Non-Invasive Vibration Amplitude Measurement System) to provide better accuracy and repeatability. In review, the NIVAMS uses low power continuous wave ultrasound to detect the motion of the swimbladder of a fish in vivo. The motion of the swimbladder introduces sidebands into the spectrum of the reflected signal. NIVAMS uses a HP 3585A spectrum analyzer to measure the relative amplitudes of the carrier frequency and these sidebands. From this data, the motion of the target can be determined.