Scatter in the metrics of saccades and properties of the collicular motor map

Opstal, A. John Van; Gisbergen, J.A.M. van

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(89)90064-3

Cited by 107 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our results confirm many previous findings of isolated aspects of this variability (Jürgens et al, 1981;Becker, 1989;van Opstal and van Gisbergen, 1989;Smeets and Hooge, 2003). One of our new observations is that the variability in movement direction is smaller for purely horizontal and vertical saccades than for saccades in oblique directions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The confidence ellipses of the endpoints are approximately aligned with the movement direction. In other words, the variability in movement amplitude ( R ) is larger than the variability orthogonal to that ( ), in agreement with the results of van Opstal and van Gisbergen (1989). Endpoint variability increases with target amplitude.…”

Section: Variability In Main Sequence Parameterssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Both CVs decrease with amplitude, and both decrease in approximately the same way. This means that the ellipse shape does not change with amplitude, which was also found by van Opstal and van Gisbergen (1989). The CV of duration (Fig.…”

Section: Variability In Main Sequence Parameterssupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Noise in these areas will inevitably lead to variations in motor commands. Noisy variations in the representation of the saccade vector in the motor map of the superior colliculus, for instance, could lead to variability in saccade endpoints (van Opstal and van Gisbergen, 1989). Noise in motor commands could therefore be related to noise in the brainstem areas involved in saccade command generation.…”

Section: The Sources Of Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sources of Variability in Saccadic Eye Movements

Beers¹

2007

J. Neurosci.

162

146

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Our movements are variable, but the origin of this variability is poorly understood. We examined the sources of variability in human saccadic eye movements. In two experiments, we measured the spatiotemporal variability in saccade trajectories as a function of movement direction and amplitude. One of our new observations is that the variability in movement direction is smaller for purely horizontal and vertical saccades than for saccades in oblique directions. We also found that saccade amplitude, duration, and peak velocity are all correlated with one another. To determine the origin of the observed variability, we estimated the noise in motor commands from the observed spatiotemporal variability, while taking into account the variability resulting from uncertainty in localization of the target. This analysis revealed that uncertainty in target localization is the major source of variability in saccade endpoints, whereas noise in the magnitude of the motor commands explains a slightly smaller fraction. In addition, there is temporal variability such that saccades with a longer than average duration have a smaller than average peak velocity. This noise model has a large generality because it correctly predicts the variability in other data sets, which contain saccades starting from very different initial locations. Because the temporal noise most likely originates in movement planning, and the motor command noise in movement execution, we conclude that uncertainty in sensory signals and noise in movement planning and execution all contribute to the variability in saccade trajectories. These results are important for understanding how the brain controls movement.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Variability In Main Sequence Parameterssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Variability In Main Sequence Parameterssupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: The Sources Of Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Sources of Variability in Saccadic Eye Movements

Beers¹

2007

J. Neurosci.

162

146

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“…Previous behavioral experiments conducted under near-optimal conditions (discrete visual targets, exclusion of blatantly errant saccades, elimination of variability caused by initial fixation error) have shown that saccadic endpoints for human subjects exhibit SDs approaching 1°of visual angle at eccentricities similar to those used in our study (van Opstal and van Gisbergen, 1989). Translated into direction around the target ring, this saccade variability alone would lead one to expect a SD in a monkey's direction estimates of ϳ11°.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Middle Temporal Visual Area Microstimulation Influences Veridical Judgments of Motion Direction

2002

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Microstimulation of direction columns in the middle temporal visual area (MT, or V5) provides a powerful tool for probing the relationship between cortical physiology and visual motion perception. In the current study we obtained "veridical" reports of perceived motion from rhesus monkeys by permitting a continuous range of possible responses that mapped isomorphically onto a continuous range of possible motion directions. In contrast to previous studies, therefore, the animals were freed from experimenter-imposed "categories" that typify forced choice tasks. We report three new findings: (1) MT neurons with widely disparate preferred directions can cooperate to shape direction estimates, inconsistent with a pure "winner-take-all" read-out algorithm and consistent with a distributed coding scheme like vector averaging, whereas neurons with nearly opposite preferred directions seem to compete in a manner consistent with the winner-take-all hypothesis, (2) microstimulation can influence direction estimates even when paired with the most powerful motion stimuli available, and (3) microstimulation effects can be elicited when a manual response (instead of our standard oculomotor response) is used to communicate the perceptual report.

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Basic oculomotor function is similar in young children with ASD and typically developing controls

et al. 2021

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A variety of eye tracking studies have demonstrated that young children with ASD gaze at images and movies of social interactions differently than typically developing children. These findings have supported the hypothesis that gaze behavior differences are generated by a weaker preference for social stimuli in ASD children. The hypothesis assumes that gaze differences are not caused by abnormalities in oculomotor function including saccade frequency and kinematics. Previous studies of oculomotor function have mostly been performed with school-age children, adolescents, and adults using visual search, anti-saccade, and gap saccade tasks that are less suitable for young pre-school children. Here, we examined oculomotor function in 144 children (90 with ASD and 54 controls), 1-10-years-old, as they watched two animated movies interleaved with the presentation of multiple salient stimuli that elicited saccades-to-targets. The results revealed that the number of fixations, fixation duration, number of saccades, saccade duration, saccade accuracy, and saccade latency did not differ significantly across groups. Minor initial differences in saccade peak velocity were not supported by analysis with a linear mixed model. These findings suggest that most children with ASD exhibit similar oculomotor function to that of controls, when performing saccades-to-targets or freely viewing childfriendly movies. This suggests that previously reported gaze abnormalities in children with ASD are not due to underlying oculomotor deficiencies. Lay SummaryThis study demonstrates that children with ASD perform similar eye movements to those of controls when freely observing movies or making eye movements to targets. Similar results were apparent across groups in the number of eye movements, their accuracy, duration, and other measures that assess eye movement control. These findings are important for interpreting previously reported differences in gaze behavior of children with ASD, which are likely due to atypical social preferences rather than impaired control of eye movements.

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Scatter in the metrics of saccades and properties of the collicular motor map

Cited by 107 publications

References 23 publications

The Sources of Variability in Saccadic Eye Movements

The Sources of Variability in Saccadic Eye Movements

Middle Temporal Visual Area Microstimulation Influences Veridical Judgments of Motion Direction

Basic oculomotor function is similar in young children with ASD and typically developing controls

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