SCAR‐B fires in the tropics: Properties and remote sensing from EOS‐MODIS

Abstract

Abstract. Two moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments are planned for launch in 1999 and 2000 on the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) AM-1 and EOS PM-1 satellites. The MODIS instrument will sense fires with designated 3.9 and 11 gm channels that saturate at high temperatures (450 and 400 K, respectively). MODIS data will be used to detect fires, to estimate the rate of emission of radiative energy from the fire, and to estimate the fraction of biomass burned in the smoldering phase. The rate of emission of radiative energy is a measure

<title>Retrieval of multi- and hyperspectral images using an interactive relevance feedback form of content-based image retrieval</title>

“…The image mining process is illustrated with examples from two sets of multi-spectral images: (1) GOES weather-satellite data 4 (5 bands of space-time images of hurricane events; 0.65, 3.9,6.7,10.7,and 12.0 microns), and (2) MODIS airborne simulator (MAS) images of fires from NASA's SCAR-B Brazilian rain forest campaign (50 bands; 0.55-14.2 microns) 5,6 .…”

Fire Detection and Fire Characterization Over Africa Using Meteosat SEVIRI

“…The bispectral method [13] is, in theory, applicable to such data and requires observations in only two IR wavelengths, although it is demonstrated in [21] and [72] that the relatively weak contribution of many fires in the longer wavelength channels means that sensible retrievals of subpixel "effective" fire temperature and area are often only possible when using relatively high spatial resolution data, such as that from the Bispectral InfraRed Detection small satellite [72], [74], [75]. For lower spatial resolution sensors, alternative methods that do not rely on accurately quantifying the fire contribution to the longwave IR signal are more widely appropriate [34], [35], for example, the mid-infrared (MIR) radiance method in [72]. This approach uses a fourth-order power-law approximation to the Planck function, which is valid over a smoldering (∼650 K) to flaming (∼1350 K) fire temperature range, to provide FRP estimates from observations of only the fire-emitted MIR spectral radiance, thus avoiding the requirement to know the fire pixels' subpixel temperature distribution…”

Near-real-time service provision during effusive crises at Etna and Stromboli: basis and implementation of satellite-based IR operations

“…However, the utility of 1-172 km satellite-based measurements in the MIR for fire and volcano hot spot studies have led to some 173 sensors, such as MODIS and BIRD, being designed with a high gain setting channel at 3.9 µm (that 174 saturates at temperatures of up to 400-450 K) with the fire community specifically in mind (e.g., 175 Kaufman et al, 1998;Wooster et al, 2003). In addition, 3.9 µm channels on geostationary satellites, 176 such as the Imager on GOES and SEVIRI on Meteosat, have long proved capable of tracking hot spots 177 due to fires at temporal resolutions of 15 minutes or better, in-spite of having 3-4 km pixels (e.g., 178…”