Scans for signatures of selection in Russian cattle breed genomes reveal new candidate genes for environmental adaptation and acclimation

Abstract

Domestication and selective breeding has resulted in over 1000 extant cattle breeds. Many of these breeds do not excel in important traits but are adapted to local environments. These adaptations are a valuable source of genetic material for efforts to improve commercial breeds. As a step toward this goal we identified candidate regions to be under selection in genomes of nine Russian native cattle breeds adapted to survive in harsh climates. After comparing our data to other breeds of European and Asian origins we found known and novel candidate genes that could potentially be related to domestication, economically important traits and environmental adaptations in cattle. The Russian cattle breed genomes contained regions under putative selection with genes that may be related to adaptations to harsh environments (e.g., AQP5, RAD50, and RETREG1). We found genomic signatures of selective sweeps near key genes related to economically important traits, such as the milk production (e.g., DGAT1, ABCG2), growth (e.g., XKR4), and reproduction (e.g., CSF2). Our data point to candidate genes which should be included in future studies attempting to identify genes to improve the extant breeds and facilitate generation of commercial breeds that fit better into the environments of Russia and other countries with similar climates.

Genome sequence and comparative analysis of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in northern Eurasia

“…A number of reports have suggested that ribosomal proteins are essential for survival and adaptation to environmental stress [75][76][77] . For example, one of the ribosomal proteins we found was the ribosomal large subunit protein 7 (RPL7), which has been previously reported in Russian cattle breeds 78 to be related to adaptation to harsh (cold) environments. The ribosomal large subunit protein 7 (RPL7) gene was found to be upregulated in the skin of freeze-tolerant wood frogs compared to non-tolerant species, showing that this gene is cold-responsive and that the gene was upregulated in skeletal muscle and the brain under freezing stress 77 .…”

Evolution and domestication of the Bovini species

“…2018; Yurchenko et al . 2018). For the POLLED (hornless) trait, four genetic variants have been identified in an intergenic region of BTA1 (Aldersey et al .…”

Genetic Relationship Between Bos Taurus and Bos Indicus

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