In the present work, scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy ͑STM/STS͒ measurements were carried out on underdoped Bi 2 Sr 2−x La x CuO 6+␦ and Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+␦ to clarify the origin of the pseudogap, in particular, the inhomogeneous large pseudogap. The nodal part of a d-wave pairing gap, which is under no influence of the inhomogeneous large pseudogap, was also examined by relating the homogeneous bottom part of the STS gap to a nodal d-wave gap in momentum space. We report that the inhomogeneous large pseudogap in the antinodal region links to a two-dimensional electronic charge order, and that the gap size of the nodal d-wave part ⌬ sc scales with the superconducting critical temperature T c in the pseudogap regime.