Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Studies of Adsorption of Trans-2-butene on Pd(110)

Abstract

This paper introduces a model for a vibration control system in which spatially etched polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was utilized to implement uniform damping control on a distributed system. Uniform damping node control (UDNC) theory states that near optimal vibration control can be achieved when the following criteria are met: all modes are damped at the same exponential decay rate, the open-loop and closed-loop natural frequencies of the structure are identical and the closed-loop modal shapes are identical to the open-loop modal shapes. To help accomplish this, in a system with N modes participating in a response, sensor/actuator pairs are placed at the nodes of the N + 1 modes. Spatially shaded PVDF actuators are distributed actuators that produce pseudo-discrete forces due to the special weighting applied to the etched electrodes. The system was demonstrated using a spring steel cantilevered beam and spatially etched PVDF actuators that were placed according to nodal control theory. When given the set of gains that are attributed to UDNC, the modes de-couple, reducing spillover. This experiment marks the first time that uniform damping control has been realized experimentally.

Partial Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene on Hydrogen-Precovered Pd(110) in the Balance of π-Bonded C4Hydrocarbon Reactions

“…We conclude that butene isomers are molecularly adsorbed at 120 K. From the results of the NEXAFS studies, butene isomers are adsorbed with their CdC bond through a π character on Pd(110). 15 STM observations also support the molecular adsorption of butene isomers. 15,16 Figure 2d shows the HREEL spectrum of n-butane on H/Pd(110) at 120 K. The assignments of each peak are shown in Table 2.…”

“…15 STM observations also support the molecular adsorption of butene isomers. 15,16 Figure 2d shows the HREEL spectrum of n-butane on H/Pd(110) at 120 K. The assignments of each peak are shown in Table 2. Peaks of the CH 3 deformation mode at 178 meV and the CH 3 stretching mode at 357 meV were similarly observed, indicating the n-butane in the sp 3 -hybridized state.…”

“…These characteristic peaks are assigned to those of the sp 3 -hybridized hydrocarbon and were absent in the case of 1,3-butadiene. We conclude that butene isomers are molecularly adsorbed at 120 K. From the results of the NEXAFS studies, butene isomers are adsorbed with their CC bond through a π character on Pd(110) . STM observations also support the molecular adsorption of butene isomers. , …”

“…18 The difference in the dehydrogenation path for the metals can be attributed to the difference in the chemisorbed state of molecules. Our previous studies revealed that 1,3-butadiene and butene isomers are adsorbed on Pd(110) with the π character, 4,10,15 while they are σ bonded on Pt, Ru, and Mo surfaces. 8,11,19 The metal-molecule interaction is much weaker for the π-bonded system than for the σ-bonded system.…”

Single-molecule reactions and spectroscopy via vibrational excitation

“…On the other hand, they are observed with more intensity in the spectra where E is parallel to [001] or [110]. This indicates that the four carbon atoms lay almost flat on the surface, where the C-H bonds in the methyl groups protrude from the plane (Katano et al . 2002b).…”