Scanning thermal microscopy for accurate nanoscale device thermography

Gucmann, Filip; Pomeroy, James W.; Kuball, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101206

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It is possible that the observed Δ T contrasts between patterned SAMs domains (Figure a–c) may originate from both locally enhanced radiation-based thermal transport and nonlocal heat dissipation through air. ,− However, we consider that the former is responsible for the Δ T contrasts. This is because the nonlocal heat dissipation through air should be almost constant, irrespective of the lengths of the SAM forming molecules, under the experimental conditions of the noncontact SThM in which the tip–surface separation was kept constant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Here we report the first successful imaging of the thermal transport properties of SAMs of organic molecules by a scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) − technique. Unexpectedly, we found that by use of thermal radiation, which occurs from a SThM tip to the SAM surface under noncontact conditions, it is possible to visualize the difference in surface state at the single-molecule-thickness level as a temperature difference with higher spatial resolution than SThM imaging under contact conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualization of Thermal Transport Properties of Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111) by Contact and Noncontact Scanning Thermal Microscopy

et al. 2021

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Thermal transport properties of patterned binary self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) were examined using scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) with both contact and noncontact methods. We fabricated two-dimensional (2D) patterns with two separate domains of n-hexadecanethiol/benzenethiol, benzenethiol/n-butanethiol, or n-hexadecanethiol/n-butanethiol. In the experimental setup, the efficiency of thermal transport from a SThM tip to the SAM surface can be evaluated in terms of the temperature change at the SThM tip. In the contact regime, where a SThM tip physically contacts the SAM surface, direct thermal transport through the SAM and radiation-based thermal transport through the space where SAMs exist may contribute to a drop in temperature at the tip. In the noncontact regime, thermal transport relies on radiation-based heat dissipation from the heated tip to the SAMs. 2D mapping of the spatial temperature distribution on SAMs reflects the difference in thermal transport properties of the two SAM domains. We found that the contact method is effective for visualizing the temperature contrast, which reflects the thermal transport properties of the constituent molecules when the domains of the SAMs have a similar height, while the noncontact method allows visualization of the temperature distribution, which is related to the height of each domain of the SAMs, rather than the chemical structures of the constituent molecules. Combination of contact and noncontact SThM enables 2D imaging of thermal transport properties and topographic imaging simultaneously and represents a new technique for investigating the thermal properties of materials surfaces, which is essential for nanoscale thermal management.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of Thermal Transport Properties of Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111) by Contact and Noncontact Scanning Thermal Microscopy

et al. 2021

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“…One of the reasons is probe durability, [ 12 ] which significantly limits the range of the materials that can be studied by scanning in the contact mode. Recently, PeakForce tapping mode SThM was introduced, [ 13 ] which generally can be applied for rough surfaces but has a limitation due to a finite probe‐sample heat transfer rate with the probe‐sample equilibration time on the order of a second. With the frequency of the probe‐sample intermittent contact in a range of one kilohertz and higher, which is characteristic for the PeakForce mode, the probe and sample are not equilibrated thermally, which reduces fidelity of the measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the frequency of the probe-sample intermittent contact in a range of one kilohertz and higher, which is characteristic for the PeakForce mode, the probe and sample are not equilibrated thermally, which reduces fidelity of the measurements. [13] In this paper, we applied SThM to bulk ceramic samples of thermoelectric materials with the ultimate goal to elucidate the role of micro-and nano-structural features of the ceramics in the thermoelectric performance of the materials. Thermoelectric conversion is expected to play an important role in future energy technologies provided by its simplicity, reliability, and self-sufficiency to enable mobile or remote applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Characterization of Local Thermal Properties in Thermoelectric Ceramics Using “Jumping‐Mode” Scanning Thermal Microscopy

et al. 2023

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Thermoelectric conversion may take a significant share in future energy technologies. Oxide‐based thermoelectric composite ceramics attract attention for promising routes for control of electrical and thermal conductivity for enhanced thermoelectric performance. However, the variability of the composite properties responsible for the thermoelectric performance, despite nominally identical preparation routes, is significant, and this cannot be explained without detailed studies of thermal transport at the local scale. Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is a scanning probe microscopy method providing access to local thermal properties of materials down to length scales below 100 nm. To date, realistic quantitative SThM is shown mostly for topographically very smooth materials. Here, methods for SThM imaging of bulk ceramic samples with relatively rough surfaces are demonstrated. “Jumping mode” SThM (JM‐SThM), which serves to preserve the probe integrity while imaging rough surfaces, is developed and applied. Experiments with real thermoelectric ceramics show that the JM‐SThM can be used for meaningful quantitative imaging. Quantitative imaging is performed with the help of calibrated finite‐elements model of the SThM probe. The modeling reveals non‐negligible effects associated with the distributed nature of the resistive SThM probes used; corrections need to be made depending on probe‐sample contact thermal resistance and probe current frequency.

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A General Method for Calibration of Active Scanning Thermal Probes

Tselev

2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is a scanning probe technique aimed at quantitative characterization of local thermal properties at the length scale down to tens of nanometers. With many probe designs and approaches to interpretation of probe responses, there is a need for a universal framework, which would allow probe calibration and comparison of probe performance. Herein, a calibration framework based on an abstracted, formal, probe model for active SThM probes is developed. The calibration can be accomplished through measurements with two or three calibration samples. Requirements for calibration samples are described with examples of structures of suitable samples identified in published literature. A link to a published experimental work indirectly verifying the proposed procedure is provided. The calibration does not require knowledge of internal probe properties and yields a small and universal set of parameters that can be used to quantify thermal resistance presented to the probe by samples as well as to characterize active‐mode SThM probes of any type and at any measurement frequency. How the probe calibration parameters can be used to guide probe design is illustrated. When the calibration approach can be used directly to measure the thermal conductivity of unknown samples is also analyzed.

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Scanning thermal microscopy for accurate nanoscale device thermography

Cited by 22 publications

References 43 publications

Visualization of Thermal Transport Properties of Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111) by Contact and Noncontact Scanning Thermal Microscopy

Visualization of Thermal Transport Properties of Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111) by Contact and Noncontact Scanning Thermal Microscopy

Quantitative Characterization of Local Thermal Properties in Thermoelectric Ceramics Using “Jumping‐Mode” Scanning Thermal Microscopy

A General Method for Calibration of Active Scanning Thermal Probes

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