Scanning thermal imaging microscopy using composite cantilever probes

Nakabeppu, Osamu; Chandrachood, Madhavi; Wu, Yihui; Lai, Jie; Majumdar, Arun

doi:10.1063/1.114102

Cited by 107 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Contrary to the results obtained with the atomic force SThM [26][27][28][29][30][31] we can obtain atomic resolution with the use of the heat stage described above. The following two features are believed to be important: First, since heat conduction through air represents the major mode of heat transfer between sample and tip, 29 we work the AFM with the cantilever and the sample at thermal equilibrium, which eliminates any major cantilever fluctuations due to thermal drift.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 43%

“…The following two features are believed to be important: First, since heat conduction through air represents the major mode of heat transfer between sample and tip, 29 we work the AFM with the cantilever and the sample at thermal equilibrium, which eliminates any major cantilever fluctuations due to thermal drift. Sec- ond, since Si 3 N 4 tips are poor thermal conductors, 27 we use such tips while scanning at constant force, assuring that the scans are insensitive to any minor ͑atomic scale͒ thermal fluctuations on the sample surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 Furthermore, several successful attempts by different authors to convert the AFM into an atomic force SThM by modifying the cantilever have been reported. [26][27][28][29][30][31] In this setup, heating occurs either through the tip 30,31 or by direct sample heating. However, at present the lateral resolution using atomic forces SThM lies on the scale of micrometers with both heating methods, which is in contrast to the atomic resolution obtainable with the tunneling SThM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Design and construction of a heat stage for investigations of samples by atomic force microscopy above ambient temperatures

Baekmark

Bjørnholm

Mouritsen

1997

Review of Scientific Instruments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The construction from simple and cheap commercially available parts of a miniature heat stage for the direct heating of samples studied with a commercially available optical-lever-detection atomic force microscope is reported. We demonstrate that by using this heat stage, atomic resolution can be obtained on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite at 52 °C. The heat stage is of potential use for the investigation of biological material at physiological temperatures.

show abstract

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 43%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Design and construction of a heat stage for investigations of samples by atomic force microscopy above ambient temperatures

Baekmark

Bjørnholm

Mouritsen

1997

Review of Scientific Instruments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Initial efforts with wire thermocouple probes led to a spatial resolution of 0.5 mm for SThM (Nakabeppu et al 1995). To improve spatial resolution, sharp probes with small sensor size are essential.…”

Section: Ei Cole Jrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proceedings of SCANNING 96 Monterey, California, USA

1996

Scanning

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The laser confocal microscope (LCM) is now an established research tool in biology and materials science. In biological applications, it is usually employed to detect the location of fluorescent marker molecules and, under these conditions, signal levels from bright areas are often <20 photons/pixel (from the specimen, assuming a standard 512×768, 1 s scan). 1 Although this data rate limits the speed at which information can be derived from the specimen, saturation of the fluorophor, photobleaching of the dye, and phototoxicity prevent it being increased. Currently, most LCMs use photomultiplier tubes (PMT, QE 1-30% @ 400-800 nm). By contrast, scientific charge-coupled devices (CCD) now routinely read out the signal from square sensors ~30 µm on a side with a QE of 80-90%, a noise of only 3± e − /pix, and no multiplicative noise. For this reason, in 1989, one of us (JJ) developed a rear-illuminated, single-channel Si sensor, called the "Turbodoide," employing some of the sophisticated readout techniques used to measure charge in a scientific CCD. 2 We are now extending this work to a device in which a single 36×36 µm sensor is read out through a low-noise FET charge amplifier with a reset circuit and then passed to a correlated, double-sampling digitizer. To maintain the desired ±3 e − noise level at the relatively high data rate of 1 MHz, our new device utilizes 64 separate readout amplifier/digitizer systems, operating in sequence. The resulting detector is more compact, efficient, and reliable than the PMT it replaces, but as its sensitive area is smaller than that of a PMT, it will require auxiliary optics when used with any LCM having a large (mm) pinhole. As the light is parallel, a simple lens mounted axially and with the CCDiode at its focus would suffice. Future versions may use 4×4 or 5×5 arrays to "track" the confocal spot as it is deflected by inhomogeneities of the specimen, change its effective size or shape, or detect misalignment. Writing three-dimensional (3-D) microstructures in a bulk medium can be accomplished by nonlinear excitation method in a scanning optical microscope equipped with a high NA objective. Strickler and Webb [Optical Lett, 16, 1780 (1991)] have demonstrated the feasibility of 3-D optical data storage in refractive media by using the two-photon writing method. We report here the use of two-photoninduced photo-bleaching in a polymer matrix for the recording of 3-D microstructures.The technology was based on a newly synthesized compound, 4-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl) amino phenyl]-4(-(6-hydroxyhexyl sulfonyl)stilbene (APSS), which has a linear absorption peak at 400 nm and emission maximum at approx. 520 nm. The fluorophore also exhibits a strong twophoton absorption at 800 nm and produces green upconverted fluorescence emission. When the APSS is incorporated into polymer, power density required for significant photo-bleaching of the fluorophore is much higher than that required to obtained an fluorescent image by two-photon fluorescent microscopy. Therefore, the APSS-doped...

show abstract

“…In recent years, there has been growing interest in dynamic responses of the AFM cantilever [10][11]. Ashhab et al [12] analyzed the dynamic behavior of a microcantilever-sample system in order to control the cantilever-sample interaction and avoid the possibility of chaos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibration and Stability Analysis of Nanoscale Processing Using Atomic Force Microscopy under the Axial Force Effect

Horng

2007

JMMP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An analytical solution to the flexural vibration problem during a nanomachining process using an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever is proposed in this paper. The modal superposition method was employed to analyze the response of an AFM subjected to a cutting force with an exciting force of an arbitrarily chosen frequency. The cutting forces were transformed into normal forces, distributed transversal-forces, and bending loading and acting on the end region of the AFM by means of the tip holder. Then, the effects of the axial force were used to solve the dynamic model. The analytical solution can be employed to evaluate vibration shape, model frequencies, and response histories of the cantilever with respect to different axial force effects and excitation frequencies. The results of this study reveal that the cutting force with a low axial effect and a moderately high excitation frequency are the best machining parameters for nanoscale processing using atomic force microscopy.

show abstract

Scanning thermal imaging microscopy using composite cantilever probes

Cited by 107 publications

References 4 publications

Design and construction of a heat stage for investigations of samples by atomic force microscopy above ambient temperatures

Design and construction of a heat stage for investigations of samples by atomic force microscopy above ambient temperatures

Proceedings of SCANNING 96 Monterey, California, USA

Vibration and Stability Analysis of Nanoscale Processing Using Atomic Force Microscopy under the Axial Force Effect

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About