“…In addition, new and emerging traits can be obtained from images that would otherwise be extremely challenging to measure by hand or traditional techniques (Yang et al, 2020). In the last two decades, successful image analysis algorithms were generated to characterize different plant structures and organs, including grains (Duan et al, 2011;Hughes et al, 2017;Marrano & Moyers, 2020), panicles (AL-Tam et al, 2013;Crowell et al, 2014;Ikeda et al, 2010), tassels (Gage et al, 2017), leaves , and roots (Le Marié et al, 2016;Mathieu et al, 2015;Narisetti et al, 2019). However, although these strategies have been deployed in several species, to our knowledge, no study has characterized oat panicle architecture with this methodology.…”