Scanning strategy in selective laser melting (SLM): a review

Jia, Haolin; Sun, Hao; Wang, Hongze; Wu, Yi; Wang, Haowei

doi:10.1007/s00170-021-06810-3

Cited by 224 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…The distribution of the intensity of the diffraction lines corresponds to the standard for FCC phases. This may indicate the absence of the <100> cubic texture typical for steel samples obtained by the L-PBF method [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The laser power was 25% lower than the recommended by the manufacturer laser power of 200 W. To prevent oxidation, the manufacturing was performed under Ar atmosphere. The islands/chess-board strategy with the bi-directional/zig-zag scan path, scan length of 5 mm, and 23 • rotation between layers was used [16]. The measured density by the hydrostatic underwater weighing method was 92%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Micromechanisms of Deformation and Fracture in Porous L-PBF 316L Stainless Steel at Different Strain Rates

Казанцева

Krakhmalev

Åsberg

et al. 2021

Metals

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The process of an unstable plastic flow associated with the strain rate sensitivity of mechanical properties was studied in porous 316L austenitic steel samples manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). Different micromechanisms of deformation and fracture of porous samples dependent on strain rate were found. It was found that despite the porosity, the specimens showed high strength, which increased with the loading rate. Porosity led to lower ductility of the studied specimens, in comparison with literature data for low porous 316L L-PBF samples and resulted in de-localization of plastic deformation. With an increase in strain rate, nucleation of new pores was less pronounced, so that at the highest strain rate of 8 × 10−3 s−1, only pore coalescence was observed as the dominating microscopic mechanism of ductile fracture.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromechanisms of Deformation and Fracture in Porous L-PBF 316L Stainless Steel at Different Strain Rates

Казанцева

Krakhmalev

Åsberg

et al. 2021

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Introducing scan strategies with laser start, stop, and directional changes during the active laser scanning generate regions with sudden variations in operating laser scan speeds due to acceleration/deceleration of the scanning mirror. Work by Jia et al [33] demonstrates unique scan strategies that implement directional changes during laser scanning, causing sudden acceleration or deceleration at start and stop locations. Primarily, this problem has been remedied by increased understanding and g-code manipulation to maintain consistent scan speed veloc- The fluctuation in laser beam size may happen in large scale powder bed manufacturing machine due to large build platforms.…”

Section: Selection Of Processing Parameters To Varymentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainties Induced by Processing Parameter Variation in Selective Laser Melting of Ti6Al4V Revealed by In-Situ X-ray Imaging

et al. 2022

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Selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing (AM) exhibits uncertainties, where variations in build quality are present despite utilizing the same optimized processing parameters. In this work, we identify the sources of uncertainty in SLM process by in-situ characterization of SLM dynamics induced by small variations in processing parameters. We show that variations in the laser beam size, laser power, laser scan speed, and powder layer thickness result in significant variations in the depression zone, melt pool, and spatter behavior. On average, a small deviation of only ~5% from the optimized/reference laser processing parameter resulted in a ~10% or greater change in the depression zone and melt pool geometries. For spatter dynamics, small variation (10 μm, 11%) of the laser beam size could lead to over 40% change in the overall volume of the spatter generated. The responses of the SLM dynamics to small variations of processing parameters revealed in this work are useful for understanding the process uncertainties in the SLM process.

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“…The scanning strategy (zig-zag, island, in-out, and out-in scanning) along with printing orientation (diagonal, vertical, and horizontal) also influences the mechanical and physical characteristics of the final product [ 24 , 25 ]. Scanning strategies have consequential effects on the mechanical properties since the heating and cooling rates in the PBSLP can significantly affect tensile properties, ductility, distortion, hardness, and fatigue behavior [ 26 ]. Different scanning strategies could result in different microstructures and density, which can be attributed to the differential temperature gradient, the effect of the laser path, and the length of the scan vectors in PBSLP [ 27 ].…”

Section: Powder Bed Fusion Of Ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering by Powder Bed Selective Laser Processing: A Review

2021

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The implementation of a powder bed selective laser processing (PBSLP) technique for bioactive ceramics, including selective laser sintering and melting (SLM/SLS), a laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) approach is far more challenging when compared to its metallic and polymeric counterparts for the fabrication of biomedical materials. Direct PBSLP can offer binder-free fabrication of bioactive scaffolds without involving postprocessing techniques. This review explicitly focuses on the PBSLP technique for bioactive ceramics and encompasses a detailed overview of the PBSLP process and the general requirements and properties of the bioactive scaffolds for bone tissue growth. The bioactive ceramics enclosing calcium phosphate (CaP) and calcium silicates (CS) and their respective composite scaffolds processed through PBSLP are also extensively discussed. This review paper also categorizes the bone regeneration strategies of the bioactive scaffolds processed through PBSLP with the various modes of functionalization through the incorporation of drugs, stem cells, and growth factors to ameliorate critical-sized bone defects based on the fracture site length for personalized medicine.

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Scanning strategy in selective laser melting (SLM): a review

Cited by 224 publications

References 117 publications

Micromechanisms of Deformation and Fracture in Porous L-PBF 316L Stainless Steel at Different Strain Rates

Micromechanisms of Deformation and Fracture in Porous L-PBF 316L Stainless Steel at Different Strain Rates

Uncertainties Induced by Processing Parameter Variation in Selective Laser Melting of Ti6Al4V Revealed by In-Situ X-ray Imaging

Bioactive Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering by Powder Bed Selective Laser Processing: A Review

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