Scanning probe microscopy for energy-related materials

Berger, Rüdiger; Grévin, Benjamin; Leclère, Philippe; Zeng, Yi

doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.12

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

2019

DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.12

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Scanning probe microscopy for energy-related materials

Rüdiger Berger¹,

Benjamin Grévin²,

Philippe Leclère³

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) provides nanoscale surface potential measurements, giving insight into Fermi levels in conductors and semiconductors, or localized charges in insulators. − As a technique based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), KPFM offers high spatial resolution, typically around 30–100 nm under ambient conditions. It has seen widespread application in the study of semiconductors, photovoltaics, and photocatalysts. − KPFM works by inducing electron migration between a conductive or semiconductive sample and an electrically connected metallic AFM tip, establishing an electrical potential relative to the contact potential difference (CPD) between them. By measuring the effect of the Coulombic force between the tip and the sample, KPFM determines the CPD by applying a dc bias to null the electric potential, providing insights into the surface potential of the sample.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed Force Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy through Integration of Lock-In Detection

Zahmatkeshsaredorahi,

Jakob,

Fang

et al. 2023

Nano Lett.

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Kelvin probe force microscopy measures surface potential and delivers insights into nanoscale electronic properties, including work function, doping levels, and localized charges. Recently developed pulsed force Kelvin probe force microscopy (PF-KPFM) provides sub-10 nm spatial resolution under ambient conditions, but its original implementation is hampered by instrument complexity and limited operational speed. Here, we introduce a solution for overcoming these two limitations: a lock-in amplifier-based PF-KPFM. Our method involves phase-synchronized switching of a field effect transistor to mediate the Coulombic force between the probe and the sample. We validate its efficacy on two-dimensional material MXene and aged perovskite photovoltaic films. Lock-in-based PF-KPFM successfully identifies the contact potential difference (CPD) of stacked flakes and finds that the CPDs of monoflake MXene are different from those of their multiflake counterparts, which are otherwise similar in value. In perovskite films, we uncover electrical degradation that remains elusive with surface topography.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed Force Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy through Integration of Lock-In Detection

Zahmatkeshsaredorahi,

Jakob,

Fang

et al. 2023

Nano Lett.

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“…To elucidate the effect of nanoconfinement on electrical properties, we measured nanoscale electrical properties of nanopillars using cSFM. The cSFM is operated in the quantitative imaging (QI) mode, where we measure the local conductance pixel‐by‐pixel . The QI‐mode minimizes lateral forces between the tip and the nanopillars (Figure S8, Supporting Information) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cSFM is operated in the quantitative imaging (QI) mode, where we measure the local conductance pixel-by-pixel. [48][49][50][51] The QI-mode minimizes lateral forces between the tip and the nanopillars ( Figure S8, Supporting Information). [30,52,53] Thus, arrays of nanopillars with high density and aspect ratio can be measured without distortion or destruction of fragile sample features.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Vertical Charge Transport of Homo‐ and Blended Semiconducting Polymers by Nanoconfinement

Kim

Kang

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

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The morphology of conjugated polymers has critical influences on electronic and optical properties of optoelectronic devices. Even though lots of techniques and methods are suggested to control the morphology of polymers, very few studies have been performed inducing high charge transport along out‐of‐plane direction. In this study, the self‐assembly of homo‐ and blended conjugated polymers which are confined in nanostructures is utilized. The resulting structures lead to high charge mobility along vertical direction for both homo‐ and blended conjugated polymers. Both semicrystalline and amorphous polymers show highly increased population of face‐on crystallite despite intrinsic crystallinity of polymers. They result in more than two orders of magnitude enhanced charge mobility along vertical direction revealed by nanoscale conductive scanning force microscopy and macroscale IV characteristic measurements. Moreover, blends of semicrystalline and amorphous polymers, which are known to show inferior optical and electrical properties due to their structural incompatibility, are formed into harmonious states by this approach. Assembly of blends of semicrystalline and amorphous polymers under nanoconfinement shows charge mobility in out‐of‐plane direction of 0.73 cm2 V−1 s−1 with wide range of absorption wavelength from 300 to 750 nm demonstrating the synergistic effects of two different polymers.

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A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

Chen¹,

Yang²,

Jing³

et al. 2019

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Electrodes with high conductivity and flexibility are crucial to the development of flexible lithium-ion batteries. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12 fiber membrane materials were prepared through electrospinning and directly used as self-standing electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. The structure and morphology of the fibers, and the electrochemical performance of the electrodes and the full battery were characterized. The results show that the LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12 fiber membrane electrodes exhibit good rate and cycle performance. In particular, the all-fiber-based gel-state battery composed of LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12 fiber membrane electrodes can be charged/discharged for 800 cycles at 1C with a retention capacity of more than 100 mAh·g−1 and a coulombic efficiency close to 100%. The good electrochemical performance is attributed to the high electronic and ionic conductivity provided by the 3D network structure of the self-standing electrodes. This design and preparation method for all-fiber-based lithium-ion batteries provides a novel strategy for the development of high-performance flexible batteries.

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Scanning probe microscopy for energy-related materials

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Pulsed Force Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy through Integration of Lock-In Detection

Pulsed Force Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy through Integration of Lock-In Detection

Enhanced Vertical Charge Transport of Homo‐ and Blended Semiconducting Polymers by Nanoconfinement

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Scanning probe microscopy for energy-related materials

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Pulsed Force Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy through Integration of Lock-In Detection

Pulsed Force Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy through Integration of Lock-In Detection

Enhanced Vertical Charge Transport of Homo‐ and Blended Semiconducting Polymers by Nanoconfinement

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO4/Li4Ti5O12 battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes