Scanning Kelvin Probe for detection of the hydrogen induced by atmospheric corrosion of ultra-high strength steel

Назаров, А. Д.; Vucko, Flavien; Thierry, Dominique

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.122

Cited by 50 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Hydrogen absorption and destructive expansion of steel is well known. As mentioned earlier, it may happen or be enhanced locally, on the microscopic scale, driven by gradients in the electrochemical potential, resulting from local inhomogeneities in steel surface composition . These are—whether they originate from material composition variations, impurities, and specific features from production or processing—generally understood to be the root cause for pitting corrosion .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling of Steel Film by Hydrogen Absorption at Cathodic Potential in Electrolyte

Garai

Carlomagno

Solokha

et al. 2020

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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An ≈4 nm FeCrNi film, deposited on a Ru/B4C multilayer (ML), is used to study cathodic hydrogen charging in electrolyte. A thin film on a ML allows obtaining precise quantitative information on surface metal composition and oxidation state using the X‐ray standing wave technique combined with near‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The metal composition is found being close to the composition of stainless steel (SS) 304, and, as for bulk steel, the outer 2 nm passive layer, consisting of oxidized iron and chromium, is depleted of nickel. Overall, it is found that the film represented a useful replica of the surface of bulk steel. Following exposure to 0.1 m KCl electrolyte at −0.6 V versus Ag/AgCl, 11.3 (±3)% swelling of the film by hydrogen absorption is observed. The estimated absorbed amount is exceeding reported bulk absorption under similar conditions by more than an order of magnitude. Strong hydrogen absorption appears to be enabled by the 2D character of the thin film, i.e., a significantly lower associated strain energy compared with bulk absorption. The strong surface swelling is suggested to be related to the lowering of the pitting corrosion resistance of SS surfaces reported following hydrogen exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling of Steel Film by Hydrogen Absorption at Cathodic Potential in Electrolyte

Garai

Carlomagno

Solokha

et al. 2020

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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show abstract

“…One of the approaches for quantification links the ability of hydrogen to chemically reduce the oxide film with the electron work function (potential) [20][21][22][23][24]. Using this approach, the SKP was applied to determine the hydrogen diffusivity in hardened martensitic steels [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Kelvin Probe Investigation of High-Strength Steel Surface after Impact of Hydrogen and Tensile Strain

Назаров

Vucko

Thierry

2020

CMD

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Hydrogen in combination with mechanical stress can lead to rapid degradation of high-strength steels through environmentally assisted cracking mechanisms. The scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) was applied to automotive martensitic steel grade MS1500 in order to detect local reactivity of the surface after hydrogen uptake and tensile deformation. Hydrogen and stress distribution in microstructures can be characterized by SKP indirectly measuring the potential drop in the surface oxide. Thus, the links between electron work function, oxide condition, and subsurface accumulation of hydrogen and stress have to be investigated. It was shown that plastic strain can mechanically break down the oxide film creating active (low potential) locations. Hydrogen effusion from the steel bulk, after cathodic charging in aqueous electrolyte, reduced the surface oxide and also decreased potential. It was shown that surface re-oxidation was delayed as a function of the current density and duration of cathodic hydrogen pre-charging. Thus, potential evolution during exposure in air can characterize the relative amount of subsurface hydrogen. SKP mapping of martensitic microstructure with locally developed residual stress and accumulated hydrogen displayed the lowest potential.

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“…Till now, the results are explained in a case-by-case manner. This has led to situation, where SKP is often used in relative measurements, testing gas (for example hydrogen) diffusion in materials [15,16] as well as in the research of different metal alloys and their corrosion [17][18][19], instead of being well-explained and understood method for absolute measurements, like Fermi level determination of organic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of organic material and sample parameters on the surface potential in Kelvin probe measurements

Gržibovskis

Vembris

2019

SN Appl. Sci.

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Scanning Kelvin probe is a method for material surface studies. It is used to determine the work function of metals. In the case of organic semiconductors, the measured surface potential is considered to be the Fermi level of the material which has been shown in some cases. But in most papers, the surface potential dependence on the metal electrode or film thickness was observed. Material properties and their influence on the measured surface potential and its relation to the Fermi level previously have not been systematically studied. In this work, the surface potential was measured for different materials-metal, organic dielectric material, and organic semiconductors. In most of the cases, the obtained surface potential was dependent on the metal electrode work function. This dependence decreased with the increase in electrical conductivity of the material. Several materials were chosen for studies where sample thickness was varied. Results showed that for most of the studied semiconductors the sample thickness of around 1.5-2 µm was required to obtain surface potential values which do not depend on the electrode work function.

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Scanning Kelvin Probe for detection of the hydrogen induced by atmospheric corrosion of ultra-high strength steel

Cited by 50 publications

References 31 publications

Swelling of Steel Film by Hydrogen Absorption at Cathodic Potential in Electrolyte

Swelling of Steel Film by Hydrogen Absorption at Cathodic Potential in Electrolyte

Scanning Kelvin Probe Investigation of High-Strength Steel Surface after Impact of Hydrogen and Tensile Strain

Influence of organic material and sample parameters on the surface potential in Kelvin probe measurements

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