Scanning ion conductance microscopy of living cells

Korchev, Yuri; Bashford, C. L.; Milovanovic, Marko; Vodyanoy, Igor; Lab, Max J.

doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(97)78100-1

Cited by 391 publications

(352 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…As the nanopipette-surface distance decreases, the solution resistance in the probe-surface gap increases which, in turn, reduces the ion current. This decrease in ion current is used as a non-contact signal to sense the nanopipette-surface distance and ultimately for topographical imaging, [14][15][16] proving particularly effective for soft samples. 10,12 SICM is typically operated in aqueous solutions with relatively high ionic strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Charge Mapping with a Nanopipette

et al. 2014

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Nanopipettes are emerging as simple but powerful tools for probing chemistry at the nanoscale.In this contribution the use of nanopipettes for simultaneous surface charge mapping and topographical imaging is demonstrated, using a scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) format. When a nanopipette is positioned close to a surface in electrolyte solution the direct ion current (DC), driven by an applied bias between a quasi-reference counter electrode (QRCE) in the nanopipette and a second QRCE in the bulk solution is sensitive to surface charge. The charge sensitivity arises because the diffuse double layers at the nanopipette and the surface interact, creating a perm-selective region which becomes increasingly significant at low ionic strengths (10 mM 1:1 aqueous electrolyte herein). This leads to a polarity-dependent ion current and surface-induced rectification as the bias is varied. Using distance-modulated SICM, which induces an alternating ion current component (AC) by periodically modulating the distance between the nanopipette and the surface, the effect of surface charge on the DC and AC is explored and rationalized. The impact of surface charge on the AC phase (with respect to the driving sinusoidal signal) is highlighted in particular; this quantity shows a shift that is highly sensitive to interfacial charge and provides the basis for visualizing charge simultaneously with topography. The studies herein highlight the use of nanopipettes for functional imaging with applications from cell biology to materials characterization where understanding surface charge is of key importance.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Charge Mapping with a Nanopipette

et al. 2014

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“…19,20 Among many different applications, we recently showed the application of SICM for the quantitative delivery of molecules to the surface of living cells 21 and for nanoscale targeted patch clamp measurements in neuronal cultures. 22 Additionally, nanopipette probes still hold great promise as intracellular biosensors [23][24][25] and as tools for cell manipulation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Nanoprobes for Single-Cell Analysis

et al. 2014

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The measurement of key molecules in individual cells with minimal disruption to the biological milieu is the next frontier in single-cell analyses. Nanoscale devices are ideal analytical tools because of their small size and their potential for high spatial and temporal resolution recordings. Here, we report the fabrication of disk-shaped carbon nanoelectrodes whose radius can be precisely tuned within the range 5-200 nm. The functionalization of the nanoelectrode with platinum allowed the monitoring of oxygen consumption outside and inside a brain slice. Furthermore, we show that nanoelectrodes of this type can be used to impale individual cells to perform electrochemical measurements within the cell with minimal disruption to cell function. These nanoelectrodes can be fabricated combined with scanning ion conductance microcopy probes which should allow high resolution electrochemical mapping of species on or in living cells.

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“…In a system as complicated as a living cell, the ability to probe the local redox environment instead of analyzing complicated response originating from different subcellular compartments is an important advantage. The high spatial resolution offered by nanotips can also be used for nanoscale imaging of cellular topography and surface reactivity that could be complementary to atomic force microscopy (AFM) (25), scanning ion-conductance microscopy (26), and ''superresolution'' optical methods (27). Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanoelectrochemistry of mammalian cells

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Laforge

Abeyweera

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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There is a significant current interest in development of new techniques for direct characterization of the intracellular redox state and high-resolution imaging of living cells. We used nanometersized amperometric probes in combination with the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) to carry out spatially resolved electrochemical experiments in cultured human breast cells. With the tip radius Ϸ1,000 times smaller than that of a cell, an electrochemical probe can penetrate a cell and travel inside it without apparent damage to the membrane. The data demonstrate the possibility of measuring the rate of transmembrane charge transport and membrane potential and probing redox properties at the subcellular level. The same experimental setup was used for nanoscale electrochemical imaging of the cell surface.charge transfer ͉ membrane potential ͉ scanning electrochemical microscopy ͉ voltammetry

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Scanning ion conductance microscopy of living cells

Cited by 391 publications

References 22 publications

Surface Charge Mapping with a Nanopipette

Surface Charge Mapping with a Nanopipette

Electrochemical Nanoprobes for Single-Cell Analysis

Nanoelectrochemistry of mammalian cells

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