Scanning Immunoelectron Microscopy of Hairy Cell Leukemia

Soligo, Davide; Lambertenghi‐Deliliers, G.; Nava, Marco; Polli, N; Cattoretti, Giorgio; Polli, E.

doi:10.1159/000206218

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…150-200 cells were counted in most experiments, but in some of the Ael experiments, up to 600 cells were scanned to determine the percentage of strongly labelled cells. Similar semiquantitative evaluation of antibody binding has been carried out previously [3,14,15].…”

Section: Interpretation Of Micrographsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Expression of A Antigens on Erythrocytes of Weak Blood Group A Subgroups

Heier

Calkovská

Sandin³

et al. 1994

Vox Sanguinis

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Scanning immune electron microscopy using a monoclonal anti-A antibody which reacts with all type A oligosaccharide chains revealed A antigens on less than 5% of Am and Ael cells, some of which showed extremely strong labelling. This explains why Am and Ael cells can absorb significant amounts of anti-A without being agglutinated. A3 may be a heterogeneous subgroup, since A antigens were found on 82 and 58%, respectively, of the cells of 2 A3 individuals. A antigens were found on 75% or more of Ax cells. In many weak A individuals A-positive cells are apparently best detected if an anti-A is used which reacts strongly with other A oligosaccharide chains than type 2. From hyperimmune pregnancy sera Ax, Am and Ael erythrocytes absorbed antibodies which seemed to have other fine specificities than those absorbed by A2 cells. We conclude that weak subgroups of A may deviate from A2 both by number of erythrocytes expressing A antigens and the biochemical nature of the antigens.

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Section: Interpretation Of Micrographsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Expression of A Antigens on Erythrocytes of Weak Blood Group A Subgroups

Heier

Calkovská

Sandin³

et al. 1994

Vox Sanguinis

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“…The backscatter electron imaging (BEI) mode of the scanning electron microscope has proved very useful in the detection of colloidal gold probes labeling cell surface antigens. The method, first introduced by Trejdosiewicz et al in 1981, has found widespread application, sucessfully applied by many workers (Birrell and Hedberg, 1987;deHarven et al, 1984deHarven et al, , 1986deHarven et al, , 1987aGoode and Maugel, 1987;Heier et al, 1988;Hodges et al, 1987;Namork et al, 1986Namork et al, , 1987Nava et al, 1984;Soligo et al, 1985Soligo et al, , 1986Studer and Hermann, 1986;Walther et al, 1984;Walther and Muller, 1986). Few of the probe sizes commercially available (5-40 nm) are practical to use in scanning electron microscopy (SEMI, however, and the choice becomes even more limited when two probes are to be discriminated as in double-labeling of cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver enhancement of gold probes (5–40 nm): Single and double labeling of antigenic sites on cell surfaces imaged with backscattered electrons

Heier¹

1989

J. Elec. Microsc. Tech.

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Silver enhancement of immunogold-labeled cells was carried out to increase the applicability of colloidal gold probes for visualization in the backscatter electron imaging (BEI) mode of a scanning electron microscope. Optimum conditions were established for single particle discrimination and differential counting of labeling density at low magnifications. Red blood cells double-labeled with 15 + 40 nm and 5 + 20 nm gold probes were silver-enhanced for 6 min and 20 min, respectively, at which times both pairs of labels increased to about 25 + 50 nm. The gold probes still appeared spherical after enhancement and were easily discriminated. Cells were also single-labeled with the above probes and enhanced accordingly. The present method enables visualization of individual particles of any probe size, labeling one, or simultaneously two, antigenic sites on cell surfaces. The silver enhancement procedure thereby allows cells to be labeled with small probes with increased labeling efficiency.

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“…The presence of ribosome-lamellae complexes has been documented by TEM (Daniel and Flandrin, 1974;Katayama et al, 1972) in only approximately 47% of cases (Rosner and Golomb, 1980). Soligo et al (1985) demonstrated by immuno-SEM the reactivity of hairy cells for both CD20 and CDllc antigens, giving additional credence to the notion that hairy cells share phenotypic features of both B-lymphocytes and monocytes. Double immunogold labelling techniques, using colloidal gold markers of distinct sizes to map cell surface distribution of the CD20 and CDllc antigens on the same cells, further confirmed the unusual phenotype of hairy cells (de Harven et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Immunogold labelling of leukemic hairy cells with the B‐ly7 monoclonal antibody: An SEM and TEM study

Harven

Christensen

Poppema

et al. 1994

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Two cases of hairy cell leukemia have been studied by immuno-TEM and immuno-SEM after immunogold labelling of the cell surface antigen recognized by the B-ly7 monoclonal antibody. Most hairy cells appeared significantly labeled, although the density of the expression of the antigen, as demonstrated by immunogold labelling, seems variable from cell to cell. Moreover, some cells with the morphology of hairy cells and which could not be identified as monocytes were not labeled. Labelling for the antigen identified by the B-ly7 mAb does not seem to correlate with the presence of ribosome lamellae complexes which were present only in one of the two cases studied. Rare lymphocytes of unidentified lineage were labeled. Monocytes were significantly absent from the samples of peripheral blood of the two patients studied. In one normal control sample, monocytes were observed unlabelled. The results are discussed in reference to the pathogenesis of hairy cell leukemia, its surprisingly low mitotic rate, and its distinct response to chemotherapy.

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Scanning Immunoelectron Microscopy of Hairy Cell Leukemia

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Expression of A Antigens on Erythrocytes of Weak Blood Group A Subgroups

Expression of A Antigens on Erythrocytes of Weak Blood Group A Subgroups

Silver enhancement of gold probes (5–40 nm): Single and double labeling of antigenic sites on cell surfaces imaged with backscattered electrons

Immunogold labelling of leukemic hairy cells with the B‐ly7 monoclonal antibody: An SEM and TEM study

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