Scanning force microscopy of heavy-ion tracks in lithium fluoride

Müller, Arnold; Neumann, R.; Schwartz, K.; Trautmann, C.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(98)00475-3

Cited by 36 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Topographic images were recorded in the contact mode. As known from earlier studies, 13 the impact of individual swift, heavy ions appears as nanometer-sized hillocks protruding from the sample sur- face. To identify a possible effect of the irradiation temperature, the diameter and height of the hillocks were analyzed from several SFM micrographs.…”

Section: Scanning Force Microscopysupporting

confidence: 59%

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Effect of electronic energy loss and irradiation temperature on color-center creation in LiF and NaCl crystals irradiated with swift heavy ions

Schwartz¹,

Волков²,

Sorokin³

et al. 2008

Phys. Rev. B

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LiF and NaCl crystals were irradiated at 8 K and 300 K with various light and heavy ions ͑C, Ti, Ni, Kr, Sm, Au, Pb, and U͒ of kinetic energy between about 50 and 2600 MeV, providing electronic energy losses from 0.7 to 26.4 keV/nm. A cryostat installed at the beamline allowed in situ absorption spectroscopy and thermostimulated luminescence ͑TSL͒ measurements from 8 K upward. Creation of electron and hole color centers is analyzed as a function of irradiation temperature, fluence, and thermal and optical bleaching. Anion interstitials ͑I and H centers͒ were only observed in crystals irradiated at 8 K. These defects are unstable and disappear in the temperature range 10-100 K. For heavy ions ͑Au, U͒, the F-center accumulation efficiency at low fluences is larger at 8 K than at room temperature. The opposite effect is observed for light ions ͑C, Ti, Ni͒. The results are discussed within the frame of transient heating influencing separation or annealing of point defects. − are charged anion molecules; X int − is a charged anion on an interstitial position; H A1 and H A2 are H centers next to an impurity A 1 and A 2 , respectively; nF is a F-center cluster.

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Section: Scanning Force Microscopysupporting

confidence: 59%

“…In several experiments, the fluence was additionally cross-checked by counting ion- induced hillocks on the surface of irradiated LiF crystals. [13][14][15] A detailed list of the ion beam parameters is given in Table II.…”

Section: A Crystals and Ion Irradiationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of electronic energy loss and irradiation temperature on color-center creation in LiF and NaCl crystals irradiated with swift heavy ions

Schwartz¹,

Волков²,

Sorokin³

et al. 2008

Phys. Rev. B

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“…Irradiated LiF also exhibits pronounced macroscopic swelling effects which appear above an energy loss threshold of 4.2 keV nm −1 [78]. With contact mode AFM (loading force between 10 and 100 nN) in ambient conditions, hillocks from single impacts of 2.24 GeV Au ions (dE/dx = 22 keV nm −1 ) are measured to have a height of ∼3 nm and a diameter of ∼55 nm [79]. Other experiments at lower stopping powers of dE/dx = 15 keV nm −1 found higher hillocks of up to ∼15 nm (see figure 12) [60].…”

Section: Lithium Fluoride Lifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single ion induced surface nanostructures: a comparison between slow highly charged and swift heavy ions

Aumayr

Facsko

El-Said

et al. 2011

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

179

169

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This topical review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the formation of surface nanostructures, an intriguing phenomenon in ion-surface interaction due to the impact of individual ions. In many solid targets, swift heavy ions produce narrow cylindrical tracks accompanied by the formation of a surface nanostructure. More recently, a similar nanometric surface effect has been revealed for the impact of individual, very slow but highly charged ions. While swift ions transfer their large kinetic energy to the target via ionization and electronic excitation processes (electronic stopping), slow highly charged ions produce surface structures due to potential energy deposited at the top surface layers. Despite the differences in primary excitation, the similarity between the nanostructures is striking and strongly points to a common mechanism related to the energy transfer from the electronic to the lattice system of the target. A comparison of surface structures induced by swift heavy ions and slow highly charged ions provides a valuable insight to better understand the formation mechanisms.

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“…Nanoscale aggregates in the core; possible correlation with SAXS data [17] Absorption band at 121 nm in LiF [29] Correlation with SAXS data; ascribed to hole aggregates Surface hillocks in LiF, CaF 2 , MgF 2 , LaF 3 , etc. [38,43,44,45] Surface relaxation in single tracks; in LiF observed also after irradiation at 15 K Volume expansion [18,37,42] Correlation to defect aggregates Changed fundamental absorption and exciton luminescence in LiF [55,56] Caused by ion-induced damage and mechanical stress Micro hardness changes and dislocation generation [50,51] Integral irradiation effect depending on dE/dx and fluence…”

Section: Heavy Ion Induced Threshold Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is assumed that the formation of the hillocks is related to internal stress released at the surface. There must be also a correlation with the macroscopic volume expansion [38,[42][43][44][45]49].…”

Section: Heavy Ion Induced Threshold Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast ion induced damage in ionic crystals

Schwartz¹

2005

phys. stat. sol. (c)

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This report reviews typical radiation effects in ionic crystals (alkali halides, alkaline earth halides, LaF 3 , ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , etc) induced by heavy ions of MeV-GeV energy. Details of color centers and defect aggregates in LiF crystals by irradiation with many different ions (from He up to U) in a wide range of temperature (15 K -800 K) are presented. Threshold effects and ion-induced damage efficiencies in various other ionic crystals are discussed.

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Scanning force microscopy of heavy-ion tracks in lithium fluoride

Cited by 36 publications

References 47 publications

Effect of electronic energy loss and irradiation temperature on color-center creation in LiF and NaCl crystals irradiated with swift heavy ions

Effect of electronic energy loss and irradiation temperature on color-center creation in LiF and NaCl crystals irradiated with swift heavy ions

Single ion induced surface nanostructures: a comparison between slow highly charged and swift heavy ions

Fast ion induced damage in ionic crystals

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