Scanning for Multiple Targets

Kaplan, Ira T.; Carvellas, Thomas

doi:10.2466/pms.1965.21.1.239

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Typically, tasks that require searches for several different kinds of targets are relatively difficult, as indexed by additional cognitive costs that lower overall performance relative to single-target searches (e.g., Menneer et al, 2004, 2007, 2009). Yet, at least in some multiple-target search tasks, which involve simple target stimuli (i.e., alphanumeric characters), there is evidence that multiple-target costs can be attenuated by practice (e.g., Kaplan and Carvellas, 1965). However, the characteristics of visual search tasks differ between tasks using simple stimuli versus those employing naturalistic stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Search of Experts in Medical Image Reading: The Effect of Training, Target Prevalence, and Expert Knowledge

Nakashima¹,

Kobayashi²,

Maeda³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychol.

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The aims of this study are (a) To determine the effect of training on the multiple-target lesion search performance; and (b) To examine the effect of target prevalence on the performance of radiologists and novices. We conducted four sessions of 500 trials in a lesion search on a medical image task in which participants searched for three different target lesions. Participants were 10 radiologists and novices. In each session, the prevalence of the different target lesions varied from low (2%) to high (40%). The sensitivity of novices was higher in the later sessions than in the first session, whereas there were no differences among sessions in radiologists. The improvement on sensitivity of novices was largely due to attenuations of false alarm (FA) errors. In addition, miss rates of the three targets did not differ in data of novices, whereas radiologists produced a higher miss rate for the highest prevalence target lesion (non-serious lesion) than for the other two lesions (serious lesions). The conclusions are (a) The training for the multiple-target lesion search task can be effective to reduce FA errors; and (b) The prevalence effect on lesion search can be attenuated by the multiple-target identification and the knowledge about seriousness of lesions. This suggests that acquired knowledge about normal cases and serious lesions is an important aspect of a radiologists’ skill in searching for medical lesions and their high performance levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Search of Experts in Medical Image Reading: The Effect of Training, Target Prevalence, and Expert Knowledge

Nakashima¹,

Kobayashi²,

Maeda³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychol.

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“…Wing & Allport, 1972), even with alphanumeric characters (Kaplan & Carvellas, 1965). With human observers, dual-target costs in time or accuracy have been revealed in search for colour patches, oriented bars and complex shapes (Menneer et al, 2007) and for x-ray images (Menneer et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Search for multiple targets of different colours: Misguided eye movements reveal a reduction of colour selectivity

Stroud

Menneer

Cave

et al. 2011

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Searching for two targets simultaneously is often less efficient than conducting two separate searches. Eye movements were tracked to understand this dual-target cost. Findings are discussed in the context of security screening. In both single-target and dual-target search, displays contained one target at most. Stimuli were abstract shapes modelled after guns and other threat items. With these targets and distractors, colour information helped more in guiding search than shape information. When the two targets had different colours, distractors with colours different from either target were fixated more often in dual-target search than in single-target searches. Thus a dual-target cost arose from a reduction in colour selectivity, reflecting limitations in the ability to represent two target features simultaneously and use them to guide search. Because of these limitations, performance in security searches may improve if each image is searched by two screeners, each specializing in a different category of threat item.

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“…There is curiously little research on multiple-target search (e.g. Kaplan and Carvellas, 1965;Schneider and Shiffrin, 1977;Dzmura, 1991) with and without threat items. An exception to this general rule are the studies of who explored simultaneous visual search for two categories of threat item (guns/knives and bombs) with only one target appearing on each trial.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Visual Search Paradigms to Understand Attentional Biases in Childhood Anxiety

Donnelly

Hadwin

Menneer

et al. 2010

Information Processing Biases and Anxiety

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Scanning for Multiple Targets

Cited by 41 publications

References 3 publications

Visual Search of Experts in Medical Image Reading: The Effect of Training, Target Prevalence, and Expert Knowledge

Visual Search of Experts in Medical Image Reading: The Effect of Training, Target Prevalence, and Expert Knowledge

Search for multiple targets of different colours: Misguided eye movements reveal a reduction of colour selectivity

The Use of Visual Search Paradigms to Understand Attentional Biases in Childhood Anxiety

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