Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies of the Antennal Sensilla of Metaphycus parasaissetiae Zhang &amp; Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Zhou, Hui; Wu, Wei-Jian; Zhang, F P; Fu, Yanlong

doi:10.1007/s13744-013-0113-9

Cited by 24 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…P. striolata had fewer subtypes of sensilla trichodea and more subtypes of sensilla basiconica (Bartlet et al, ; Zhang et al, ). Compared with other insects, we found that the types and topology of the sensilla on the antennae of P. striolata were similar to those found in Coleoptera (Chen et al, ; Hu et al, ; Sun et al, ; Yan et al, ; Zhang et al, ), but are very different from those in other insects such as Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera (Navasero and Elzen, ; Isidoro et al, ; Zhang et al, ; Zhou et al, ). These observations indicate that the sibling species have not only similar morphology but also similar sensillum types and distribution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of female Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Zhang

2016

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) is an important pest of Brassicaceae in Southeast Asia and North America. Using scanning electron microscopy, we observed the external structure, number, and distribution of the antennal sensilla in P. striolata females to discuss the putative function of these sensilla in host location and oviposition behaviors. The antenna of female P. striolata is filiform, composed of a scape, a pedicel, and a flagellum with 9 flagellomeres. Five types of sensilla were identified, including sensilla cheaetica, sensilla trichodea, Böhm bristles, sensilla auricillica, and sensilla basiconica (five subtypes, SB1-SB2). External structure and distribution of antennal sensilla are compared with data from other insect species. In addition, we discuss the possible functions of antennal sensilla based on their characteristics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of female Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Zhang

2016

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…The trichoid sen silla were the most abundant and occurred in all flageromeres. Gao et al (2007) stated that trichoid sensilla, with similar size and morphology to that identified in this study in B. vulgaris antennae, have a mechanoreceptor function explained by its fitting to the antenna's cuticle, its spatial arrangement, and absence of pores in Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images (Zhou et al, 2013b). These sensilla respond to air currents and vibrations generated by the drumming of the parasitoid's antennae on the plant structure that has been inhabited by the host, aiding the host's natural enemy to determine its location (Zhou et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Therefore, the low amount of sensilla types observed in B. vulgaris antennae is justifiable because this ectoparasitoid was found naturally parasitizing only A. grandis, the cotton boll weevil (Toscano & Car valho, 2000b), and P. gossypiella, the pink caterpillar larvae (Toscano & Carvalho, 2000a). Moreover, according to Zhou et al (2013b), male parasitoid species usually present higher number of sensilla than females because their antennae are adapted to detect sexual pheromones released by females; females use their antennae to de tect volatiles from plants attacked by their herbivorous hosts. Because the objective of this study was to describe the sensory components of B. vulgaris and associate them with the species' success for parasitism, only female antennae were analyzed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitoid-host interaction: sensory structures involved in the parasitism behavior of Bracon vulgaris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

et al. 2014

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Parasitoids have evolved mechanisms to evade their hosts' defenses. Bracon vulgaris (Ashmead) is a larval ectoparasitoid responsible for natural reduction of Anthonomus grandis (Boheman) and Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), which are considered the main cotton pests in the cotton agro ecosystem in northeastern Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the sensory structures (antennae and ovipositor) involved in the parasitism behavior of B. vulgaris, and to describe and evaluate associations between composition, morphology, and functions of these structures in the parasitoid-host interaction. Results showed that the B. vulgaris ovipositor is a multifunctional structure of 2.7 ± 0.3 mm in length composed of 3 valves. Valves 1 and 2 are elongated, rigid, and act jointly to pierce the host's cuti cle, to inject the poison glands secretion, and to deposit eggs. Valve 3 covers the other valves, giving them protection. Valve 3 also presents annulations in all its extension, which gives flexibility to the ovipositor, and trichoid sensilla that possibly capture vibrations from the host's feeding and loco motion, thereby aiding the parasite in the host selection. The presence of cuticular microtrichia was possibly responsible for the cleaning of the ovipositor, keeping it functional between the various inser tions that occur during the parasitism behavior. The parasitoid's antennae are filliform-like, measure about 2 mm, and are composed of four types of sensilla (trichoids, basiconical, coeloconical, and pla codes) that act as olfactory and gustatory receptors and/or express tactile, thermo,-and hygroreception functions. The integrated action of these sensory components corroborates the successful parasitism behavior of the parasitoid B. vulgaris.

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“…By contrast, Ooencyrtus phongi Trjapitzin, Myartseva & Kostjukov, 1977 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Metaphycus parasaissetiae Zhang and Huang, 2007 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, 1926 andT. australicum Girault, 1912 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) have a single club segment in males, which is separated into flagellomeres in females (Amornsak, Cribb & Gordh, 1998;Xi et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012;Zhou et al, 2013b). In the case of M. caribea, both sexes have a fused club, which is uncommon.…”

Section: Discussion Antennal Size and Gross Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is common for chalcidoid wasp males to have 1-3 types of sensilla fewer than females (Barlin, Vinson & Piper, 1981;Amornsak, Cribb & Gordh, 1998;Van Baaren et al, 1999;Xi et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012;Zhou et al, 2013b;Namikawa & Amornsak, 2016), although in several cases the same number of types was reported for both sexes (Onagbola & Fadamiro, 2008;Jun et al, 2013). Likely, the additional types of sensilla found in females are required for the biological tasks exclusive for that sex, e.g.…”

Section: Morphological Types Of Antennal Sensillamentioning

confidence: 98%

Peer Review #2 of "Between extreme simplification and ideal optimization: antennal sensilla morphology of miniaturized Megaphragma wasps (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (v0.1)"

2018

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One of the major trends in the evolution of parasitoid wasps is miniaturization, which has produced the smallest known insects. Megaphragma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are smaller than some unicellular organisms, with an adult body length of the smallest is only 170 μm. Their parasitoid lifestyle depends on retention of a high level of sensory reception comparable to that in parasitoid wasps that may have antennae hundreds of times larger. Antennal sensilla of males and females of Megaphragma amalphitanum and M. caribea and females of the parthenogenetic M. mymaripenne are described, including sensillum size, external morphology, and distribution. Eight different morphological types of sensilla were discovered, two of them appearing exclusively on female antennae. Two of the types, sensilla styloconica and aporous placoid sensilla, have not been described previously. Regression analyses were performed to detect and evaluate possible miniaturization trends by comparing available data for species of larger parasitoid wasps. The number of antennal sensilla was found to decrease with the body size; M. amalphitanum males have only 39 sensilla per antenna. The number of antennal sensilla types and sizes of the sensilla, however, show little to no correlation with the body size. Our findings on the effects of miniaturization on the antennal sensilla of Megaphragma provide material for discussion on the limits to the reduction of insect antenna.

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Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies of the Antennal Sensilla of Metaphycus parasaissetiae Zhang & Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Cited by 24 publications

References 56 publications

Morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of female Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of female Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Parasitoid-host interaction: sensory structures involved in the parasitism behavior of Bracon vulgaris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Peer Review #2 of "Between extreme simplification and ideal optimization: antennal sensilla morphology of miniaturized Megaphragma wasps (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (v0.1)"

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