Scanning Electron Microscopy of Thin and Soft Shells Induced by Feeding Calcium-Deficient or Vitamin D-Deficient Diets to Laying Hens

Narbaitz, Roberto; Tsang, Charles P.W.; Grunder, A. A.; Soares, Joseph H.

doi:10.3382/ps.0660341

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This effect would account for the improved egg specific gravity seen at 1,500 ICU D3/kg but not at 1,000 ICU D3/kg. Using scanning electron microscopy, Narbaitz et al (1987) reported that eggshells from hens fed a vitamin D3 deficient diet (0 ICU D3/kg) supplemented with l,25-(OH)2 D3 were ultrastructurally indistinguishable from eggs laid by hens fed the control level of vitamin D3.…”

Section: Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Vitamin D3, 1α-Hydroxyvitamin D3, and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Eggshell Quality, Tibia Strength, and Various Production Parameters in Commercial Laying Hens

1990

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Four hundred 53-wk-old Hyline W36 laying hens were randomly allocated to 10 treatments. The effects of feeding two vitamin D3 metabolites, 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha-(OH) D3] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2 D3], each at five dietary levels (0, .75, 1.50, 3.00, and 4.50 micrograms/kg of feed) were determined on eggshell quality and tibia strength in commercial laying hens (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, 1,440 Hyline W36 65-wk-old laying hens were used to determine the effects of four levels of vitamin D3 (0, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 ICU vitamin D3/kg) and three levels of dietary 1,25-(OH)2 D3 (0, .5, and 1.0 microgram/kg of feed) on eggshell quality, tibia strength, and egg production. In Experiment 1, neither 1,25-(OH)2 D3 nor 1 alpha-(OH) D3 affected eggshell quality or production criteria. Tibia weight was increased by adding either 1,25-(OH)2 D3 or 1 alpha-(OH) D3. In Experiment 2, 1,25-(OH)2 D3 increased percentage of shell, shell weight, and egg breaking strength when 0 ICU D3/kg was fed but had no effect at higher levels of vitamin D3. Egg production, feed consumption, and egg weight were also increased with supplemental 1,25-(OH)2 D3 when 0 ICU D3/kg was fed. Tibia weight and tibia breaking strength were also increased by adding 1,25-(OH)2 D3 to the diet. The commercial laying hen metabolizes sufficient 1,25-(OH)2 D3 from dietary vitamin D3 to maintain shell quality but not enough to maintain tibia strength.

show abstract

Section: Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Vitamin D3, 1α-Hydroxyvitamin D3, and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Eggshell Quality, Tibia Strength, and Various Production Parameters in Commercial Laying Hens

1990

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Bar and coworkers (Bar et al, 1984;Bar and Hurwitz, 1987) have shown that plasma l,25(OH) 2 D 3 was greater in laying hens with good egg shell quality and was reduced with age. Recently Narbaitz et al (1987) have shown that feeding l,25(OH) 2 D 3 to hens results in no abnormal changes in ultrastructural development of egg shells. It is also clear that level is critical when feeding D 3 metabolites, as toxic effects can be seen with as little as 7 to 10 |xg 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 /kg diet Soares et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Potential Role of 1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol in Egg Shell Calcification

1988

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several experiments were conducted to determine if circulating 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (l,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) concentrations correlated with the laying hens' ability to calcify egg shells. Total Ca and 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 concentrations in plasma of hens selected to produce high quality egg shells averaged greater than 34% of concentrations found in egg shells of the hens' counterparts producing poor quality egg shells. Immature female chickens had low (60 to 117 pg/mL) levels of circulating l,25(OH) 2 D 3 ; concentrations were similar for immature females later classified to be either poor or good egg shell calcifiers. However, differences in 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 concentrations became progressively greater with age in the two groups and reached statistical significance (P<.05) at 56 to 64 wk of age.Feeding la, hydroxycholecalciferol (la-OH-D 3 ) or D 3 to laying hens for 22 wk resulted in significantly improved egg shell quality (~ 7%) for those fed la-OH-D 3 . No differences in egg weight, egg production, or egg mass were observed. Tibial calcification and breaking strengths were significantly improved by feeding la-OH-D 3 . Hens producing eggs with superior egg shell quality have higher concentrations of circulating 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 than similar hens producing poor egg shells. Dietary supplementation of 1 hydroxylated vitamin D metabolites may be useful in improving egg shell quality. (

show abstract

“…The outer layers of the shell may be reduced or absent, but the inner mammillary layer is always present, suggesting that the hens stop laying before Ca concentrations in blood become too low for the formation of the mammillary knobs. Uncalcified portions of the shell organic matrix are not found, suggesting that Ca deposition and matrix formation are inhibited simultaneously (Narbaitz et al, 1987). Withdrawal of cholecalciferol from a layer diet drastically reduced blood 25(OH)D 3 , 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and egg specific gravity within two weeks, which was followed by a decrease in blood total Ca.…”

Section: Vitamin D 3 (Cholecalciferol)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Improvement of flock productivity through supply of vitamins for higher laying performance and better egg quality

Weber¹

2009

World's Poultry Science Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An adequate supply of all nutrients, including proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water, has to be provided to support maximum productivity of laying hens. Among these nutrients, vitamins are particularly important, since they are essential for optimum health as well as normal physiological functions of the hens. As most vitamins cannot be synthesized by poultry in sufficient amounts to meet physiological demand, they must be obtained from the diet. The absence from feed or impaired absorption or utilization of vitamins can lead to specific deficiency disorders. This review reports on the occurrence and the physiological functions of all vitamins and summarizes research related to the requirements for and the beneficial effects of supplemental vitamins for laying hens. The recommendations for dietary supplementation of vitamins from various organizations are compared and put into perspective of modern poultry genotypes and current husbandry conditions. As there is good evidence that the minimum dietary vitamin levels, required to prevent clinical deficiencies may not support optimum health, performance and welfare of poultry under today's conditions it is recommended to include a safety margin to the vitamin requirements of laying hens.

show abstract

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Thin and Soft Shells Induced by Feeding Calcium-Deficient or Vitamin D-Deficient Diets to Laying Hens

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of Vitamin D3, 1α-Hydroxyvitamin D3, and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Eggshell Quality, Tibia Strength, and Various Production Parameters in Commercial Laying Hens

Influence of Vitamin D3, 1α-Hydroxyvitamin D3, and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Eggshell Quality, Tibia Strength, and Various Production Parameters in Commercial Laying Hens

Potential Role of 1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol in Egg Shell Calcification

Improvement of flock productivity through supply of vitamins for higher laying performance and better egg quality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About