Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Respiratory Apparatus of Ticks

Woolley, Tyler A.

doi:10.2307/3224879

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…A. PUGH ET A L Cooper & Robinson, 1908;Falke, 1931) or closed by a membrane (Arthur, 1956;Browning, 1954). However, later studies, using the scanning electron microscope, confirmed that they are open (Hinton, 1967;Sixl, Deng & Waltingcr, 1971;Woolley, 1972;Roshdy & Hefnawy, 1973;Roshdy, Banaja & Wassaf, 1982) (see Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…'The spiracles of the Metastigmata are paired structures on the lateral margins of the idiosoma. The surface of the spiracle, the spiracular plate, consists of a central macula, partially surrounded by a crescentic ostium, which may be the functional opening of the spiracle (Falke, 1931;Browning, 1954;Roshdy, 1974), or a closed non-functional ecdysial scar (Hinton, 1967;Woolley, 1972). 'The macula is surrounded by a number of pores or aeropyles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Similarly, early studies on argasid ticks also gave conflicting results as to whether the pores of the "cribriform plate" were open (Robinson & Davidson, 191 3;Mellanby, 1935;Browning, 1954) or closed (Arthur, 1956(Arthur, , 1962, though later EM studies confirmed that these were open (Sixl el al., 1971;Woolley, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The spiracle of Ixodes ricinus (L.) (Ixodidae: Metastigmata: Acarina): a passive diffusion barrier for water vapour

Pugh

King

Fordy

1988

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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The strurturc or the spiracle in the adult female of Ixodrs ricinus (L.) is assessed. Gaseous exchange between the tracheal system and the external atmosphere is shown to occur only via the aeropyles in the surface of the sieve plate and is regulated by the atrial valve. The elaborate structure is shown to be an effective passive mechanism to retard the transpiration of water vapour from the tracheal system. The prdicels reduce airflow within the labyrinth to a minimum, while the size and arrangement of the iieropyles allow thr formation of a cloud of water vapour above the surface of the spiracle. It is from this cloud which diffusion of water vapour takes place, with no significant rhanges in water vapour pressure occurring within the tracheal system or the spiracle itsel[ 'I'he mechanics of the system are analysed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The spiracle of Ixodes ricinus (L.) (Ixodidae: Metastigmata: Acarina): a passive diffusion barrier for water vapour

Pugh

King

Fordy

1988

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…If we refer to the latter such as it was given by Robinson, in 1926 (5> in his m onograph on the genus Amblyomma, we m ust agree th a t the use of th e morphology of the chelicerae would contribute usefully to the distinction of species. I t would add to the use th a t could also be m ade of th e morphology, num ber and distribution of the sensilla of the 4th article, th a t were described very well by Wooley (7,8). As fa r as the digits are concerned, th eir relative length and the shape and num ber of denticles • are w orth noting.…”

Section: A Middle Lam Ella Insinuates Itselfmentioning

confidence: 99%

[No Title Available]

Ansel¹,

M²

1975

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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The structure o f the chelicerae was stuáied w ith seanning electron micros cope in th e tick Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787). Lamellar organs were seen a t th e basis of the digits of th e chelicerae. Considerations on the palaeontologic origin of ticks anã Acari are made w ith reference to literature.The use of seanning electron microscope not only enables to complete th e description of well-known species and to define their spacial configuration more precisely, as was àone by ourselves anã o th e r s fo r the cephalic form ations of Nematodes (1,2,3), but also discloses ne-w form ations, as by Wooley (7> 8) for th e sense organs and respiratory ap p aratus of ticks. While trying to define more precisely th e chetotaxia of the palps and th e morphology of the chelicerae, we were led in exam ining various specimens of Am blyom m a cajennense. to discover th e existence of form ations undescribed h ith erto (4>. They seemed to bring argum ents on th e one han d for the conception of homology of th e chelicerae with th e m outh p arts of m andibulate or the other h an d for the possibility of considering Acari as th e m ost prim itive forms of Arachnids. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens of Amblyom ma cajennensewere fixed for 48 hours in the eth an o l/ chloroform /diethyl ether/acetic acid mixture. They were carried over to alum inium slide-cylinders and stuck on them with silver lacquer to secure the conductivity of th e é le c tr o n s . T h e s a m p le s w e re p J a c e d i n a vacuum evaporator w'here they were first coated ■mttv a t\\m oí tatboxv, IViexi •pYaX.eà w ith gold. Then they were examined with the Cameca MEB 07 seanning electron microscope. To m ake th e photographing of the m ediai aspect of the right chelicera easier, the digits of the left chelicera were rem oved. RESULTSInvestigations with the seanning elec tro n microscope enabled us to observe facts of several orders.The right pedipalp show long setae and the term inal cupule contains the 4th article with very short sensilla (Fig. 1) . The hypostome comprises two clearly visible parts ( Fig. 2 and 3) . The arrangem ent of the large denticles in three rows is quite clearly visible (Fig. 3) . The digits of the L a b o ra to ire d e P a ra sito lo g ie , U .E .R . C crdeliers 15, ru e de l'E cole de M édecine, 75, PA R IS VIe, FRANCE_ S u b m itte d f o r p u b lic a tio n o n 2.5.1975.

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“…Holothyrids are large (2-7 mm long), usually oval, predatory mites, with heavily sclerotized bodies. They are free-living, occurring in mesic or xeric habitats where they live under stones or in humus and decaying vegetation on forest floors (Domrow, 1955;van der Hammen, 1983;Woolley, 1988). This group of rare mites contains fewer than 20 species from three families (Lehtinen, 198 1; van der Hammen, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The functional morphology of the respiratory system of the Holothyrida (= Tetrastigmata) Acari: Anactinotrichida

et al. 1991

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The respiratory system of Holothyrus coccinella Gervais (Holothyridae) and Allothyrus australasiae (Womersley) (Allothyridae) were examined. The stigma‐peritreme complex is connected to tracheae and ventilated by indirect muscles. The peritreme provides an alternative route for the entry of air into the tracheal system, should a stigma be occluded by debris and retards water vapour transpiration, the mechanisms of which are compared in the two species.

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Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Respiratory Apparatus of Ticks

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

The spiracle of Ixodes ricinus (L.) (Ixodidae: Metastigmata: Acarina): a passive diffusion barrier for water vapour

The spiracle of Ixodes ricinus (L.) (Ixodidae: Metastigmata: Acarina): a passive diffusion barrier for water vapour

[No Title Available]

The functional morphology of the respiratory system of the Holothyrida (= Tetrastigmata) Acari: Anactinotrichida

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